Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO<sub>2</sub>Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site

Fleury, Marc; Gautier, Serge; Gland, N.; Boulin, P.F.; Norden, Ben; Schmidt‐Hattenberger, Cornelia

doi:10.2516/ogst/2012084

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The resistivity of the sample decreases with increasing brine saturation with a slope corresponding to n = 2.6. Together with other Ketzin specific values previously determined by Kummerow and Spangenberg (2011) of n = 1.62 and by Fleury et al (2013) of n ranging between (Ktzi201) compared to measurements on a sample from the second observation well (Ktzi202) performed by Kummerow and Spangenberg (2011). Dashed lines mark the linear trend where the slope corresponds to the negative saturation exponent.…”

Section: Petrophysical Experimentssupporting

confidence: 52%

Fully coupled inversion on a multi-physical reservoir model – Part II: The Ketzin CO2 storage reservoir

Wagner

Wiese

2018

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Reliable monitoring of CO 2 storage reservoirs requires a combination of different observation methods. However, history matching is typically limited to CO 2 pressure data alone. This paper presents a multi-physical inversion of hydraulic pressure, CO 2 pressure, CO 2 arrival time and geoelectrical crosshole observations of the Ketzin pilot site for CO 2 storage, Germany. Multi-physical inversion has rarely been reported for CO 2 storage reservoirs. In contrast to previous studies, there is no need for pre-inversion of geophysical datasets as these are now directly included in a fully coupled manner. The deteriorating impact of structural noise is effectively mitigated by preconditioning of the observation data. A double regularisation scheme provides stability for insensitive parameters and reduces the number of required model runs during inversion. The model shows fast and stable convergence and the results provide a good fit to the multi-physical observation dataset. It has certain predictive power as the known migration direction of the CO 2 plume is captured. These results clarify two long discussed issues of the Ketzin CO 2 storage reservoir: 1) The pre-existing hypothesis of an existing hydraulic barrier became unsubstantial as the data series suggesting weak hydraulic communication are identified as erroneous. 2) Salt precipitation around the injection well doubles the injection overpressure compared to salt free conditions, which is equivalent to a well skin of 10. The presented framework allows to integrate various types of observations into a single multi-physical model leading to an increased confidence in the spatial permeability distribution and, in perspective, to improved predictive assessments of CO 2 storage reservoirs.

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Section: Petrophysical Experimentssupporting

confidence: 52%

Fully coupled inversion on a multi-physical reservoir model – Part II: The Ketzin CO2 storage reservoir

Wagner

Wiese

2018

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…Several petrophysical experiments have investigated the interdependence of CO 2 saturation and electric resistivity for the sandstones of the Ketzin reservoir (e.g., Schütt et al, 2005;Fleury et al, 2010;Zemke et al, 2010). Kummerow and Spangenberg (2011) constituted a relation between resistivity increase and saturation of pure CO 2 for the sandstone of the Ketzin reservoir (Figure 10), which will be used below.…”

Section: Co 2 Saturation Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-downhole electrical resistivity tomography applied to monitoring of CO₂ storage at Ketzin, Germany

et al. 2012

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Surface-downhole electrical resistivity tomography (SD-ERT) surveys were repeatedly carried out to image [Formula: see text] injected at the pilot storage Ketzin, Germany. The experimental setup combines surface with downhole measurements by using a permanent electrode array that has been deployed in three wells. Two baseline experiments were performed during the site startup and three repeat experiments were performed during the first year of CO2 injection. By the time of the third repeat, approximately 13,500 tons of [Formula: see text] had been injected into the reservoir sandstones at about 650 m depth. Field data and inverted resistivity models showed a resistivity increase over time at the [Formula: see text] injector. The lateral extent of the related resistivity signature indicated a preferential [Formula: see text] migration toward the northwest. Using an experimental resistivity-saturation relationship, we mapped [Formula: see text] saturations by means of the resistivity index method. For the latest repeat, [Formula: see text] saturations show values of up to 70% near the injection well, which matches well with [Formula: see text] saturations determined from pulsed neutron-gamma logging. The presence of environmental noise, reservoir heterogeneities, and irregularities in the well completions are the main sources of uncertainty for the interpretations. The degradation of the permanently installed downhole components is monitored by means of frequently performed resistance checks. In consistency with the SD-ERT data, these resistance checks indicate a long-term resistivity increase near the [Formula: see text] injector. In conclusion, the investigations demonstrate the capability of surface-downhole electrical resistivity tomography to image geologically stored [Formula: see text] at the Ketzin site.

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“…However, larger-scale two or three-dimensional experiments are needed to study the effects of heterogeneity. The diffusive behavior of CO 2 can be monitored using X-ray and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (Fleury et al, 2010;Krevor et al, 2012), but these instruments are not always easily available. Tokunaga et al (2013) used unconsolidated sand in their laboratory experiments to capture capillary pressure data from a scCO 2 and brine system; however, it required a vessel which has a resistance to high pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory study of geological carbon sequestration using surrogate fluids: Dielectric measurement and scaling of capillary pressure–saturation relationships

Mori

Sakaki

Illangasekare

2015

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Multiphase flow models are powerful tools to understand and predict the flow and trapping of supercritical-CO 2 (scCO 2) in deep saline geologic formations. The constitutive relationship between capillary pressure (P c) and saturation (S w) is the essential input parameter into these multiphase models. By selecting surrogate fluids that match the density and viscosity ratios between scCO 2 and brine, the behavior of scCO 2 and brine may be reproduced under ambient conditions, making it possible to overcome the difficulty of conducting laboratory-scale experiments with scCO 2. This paper presents the P c-S w relationship for the surrogate fluids of scCO 2 and brine measured using the dielectric sensor method. To explore the necessity and applicability of measuring the entire P c-S w relationship, we compared the dielectric sensor results with those from two scaling methods: classical Leverett scaling and a novel entry pressure scaling method. Additionally, the obtained surrogate fluid P c-S w values were compared with experimental data of scCO 2 and brine under high pressure. The dielectric sensor method successfully obtained the P c-S w relationship and produced more accurate measurements of residual and irreducible saturations compared to scaling methods.

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Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO₂Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Fully coupled inversion on a multi-physical reservoir model – Part II: The Ketzin CO2 storage reservoir

Fully coupled inversion on a multi-physical reservoir model – Part II: The Ketzin CO2 storage reservoir

Surface-downhole electrical resistivity tomography applied to monitoring of CO₂ storage at Ketzin, Germany

Laboratory study of geological carbon sequestration using surrogate fluids: Dielectric measurement and scaling of capillary pressure–saturation relationships

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Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO2Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Fully coupled inversion on a multi-physical reservoir model – Part II: The Ketzin CO2 storage reservoir

Fully coupled inversion on a multi-physical reservoir model – Part II: The Ketzin CO2 storage reservoir

Surface-downhole electrical resistivity tomography applied to monitoring of CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany

Laboratory study of geological carbon sequestration using surrogate fluids: Dielectric measurement and scaling of capillary pressure–saturation relationships

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Advanced and Integrated Petrophysical Characterization for CO₂Storage: Application to the Ketzin Site

Surface-downhole electrical resistivity tomography applied to monitoring of CO₂ storage at Ketzin, Germany