Advanced biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration

Abstract

Summary The periodontium is a suitable target for regenerative intervention, since it does not functionally restore itself after disease. Importantly, the limited regeneration capacity of the periodontium could be improved with the development of novel biomaterials and therapeutic strategies. Of note, the regenerative potential of the periodontium depends not only on its tissue‐specific architecture and function, but also on its ability to reconstruct distinct tissues and tissue interfaces, suggesting that the advancement of tissue engineering approaches can ultimately offer new perspectives to promote the organized reconstruction of soft and hard periodontal tissues. Here, we discuss material‐based, biologically active cues, and the application of innovative biofabrication technologies to regenerate the multiple tissues that comprise the periodontium.

Co-Culture of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Ligamentocytes on Triphasic Embroidered Poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) and Polylactic Acid Scaffolds for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Enthesis Tissue Engineering

“…In the past few years, new approaches and techniques, such as modification of decellularized native enthesis tissue, silk [ 51 , 52 , 53 ] or polymer based scaffolds [ 25 , 54 ], have been investigated for their reconstruction capabilities for the complete enthesis zone and not only the ligament zone of the ACL, the patellar tendon or the rotator cuff [ 25 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The importance of creating multiphasic scaffolds for musculoskeletal interface tissue engineering to achieve functional restoration of injured zonal tissues has increased in past years not only in orthopedics but also in dentistry [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Another method involves the use of embroidery technology that enables the fabrication of complex structures whose morphological and mechanical properties can be specifically adjusted according to pattern designs.…”

Biomimicry and 3D-Printing of Mussel Adhesive Proteins for Regeneration of the Periodontium—A Review

“…Another highly important aspect of periodontium regeneration is controlling the release patterns of drugs and growth factors from carriers to obtain sustained long-term effects while avoiding negative biological effects. Therefore, periodontal tissue regeneration requires the administration of a combination of bioactive chemicals to keep infection and inflammation under control, while boosting cell proliferation and differentiation [ 24 , 30 ]. Recently, a novel immunomodulatory method has been developed to promote the regeneration of the alveolar bone.…”

“…Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a potent cytokine that can switch the M1 to the M2 phenotype. Therefore, binding IL-4 to a nanofiber’s heparin-modified gelatin microsphere showed excellent regulation of inflammation and bone regeneration in vivo [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Impact exerted by scaffolds and biomaterials in periodontal bone and tissue regeneration engineering: new challenges and perspectives for disease treatment

“…Thus, using 3D printing, multiphasic matrices based on PCL and HA with 100 µ microchannel compartments for dentin cement, 600 µ microchannel compartments for a periodontal ligament, and 300 µ microchannel compartments for AB were created. In combination with encapsulated bioactive signals and DPSCs, its four-week ectopic implantation in mice resulted in the creation of integrated tissues (Figure 4) [47,98,99]. Using fused deposition modeling, biphasic solid porous biomaterials were created.…”