Advanced Biotechnology for Cell Cryopreservation

Abstract

Cell cryopreservation has evolved as an important technology required for supporting various cell-based applications, such as stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and assisted reproduction. Recent times have witnessed an increase in the clinical demand of these applications, requiring urgent improvements in cell cryopreservation. However, cryopreservation technology suffers from the issues of low cryopreservation efficiency and cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity. Application of advanced biotechnology tools can significantly improve post-thaw cell survival and reduce or even eliminate the use of organic solvent CPAs, thus promoting the development of cryopreservation. Herein, based on the different cryopreservation mechanisms available, we provide an overview of the applications and achievements of various biotechnology tools used in cell cryopreservation, including trehalose delivery, hydrogel-based cell encapsulation technique, droplet-based cell printing, and nanowarming, and also discuss the associated challenges and perspectives for future development.

Visible-Light-Active CuOx-Loaded Mo-BiVO4 Photocatalyst for Inactivation of Harmful Bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) and Degradation of Orange II Dye

“…In summary, CuO x (2 wt %)/Mo-BiVO 4 photocatalysts effectively accelerated the separation of photogenerated charges and reduced recombination during photocatalysis, which enabled efficient photocatalytic inactivation activity. 40,41 The morphological changes in the CuO x (2 wt %)/Mo-BiVO 4 photocatalysts-treated E. coli cells were visualized using bio-TEM (Figure 8A,B). The untreated E. coli cells were naturally rod-shaped and remained intact with no visible damage to the integrity of the cell surface (Figure 8A).…”

A Review of the Material Characteristics, Antifreeze Mechanisms, and Applications of Cryoprotectants (CPAs)

“…Subsequently, the cells are damaged by osmotic dehydration. Mechanical injury refers to the puncture damage of cells by sharp ice crystals [6]. During thawing, small ice crystals disap-pear while large ones grow, namely, ice recrystallization, which is consistent with Ostwald ripening.…”

Development of Multilayer Mesenchymal Stem Cell Cell Sheets

“…This not only means that the cell sheets maintained their curative properties, but also shows that xenogeneic transplantation with stem cells can be performed and by consequence, allogeneic transplantation is possible [182]. Because cell sheet therapies are a recent medical treatment, we do not have long-term experience on the potential harm of cryopreserved cell sheets after transplantation, and further studies are required to improve new cryopreservation and thawing protocols [208][209][210].…”