Advanced Bulk Defect Passivation for Silicon Solar Cells

Hallam, Brett; Hamer, Phillip; Wenham, Stuart; Abbott, Malcolm; Sugianto, Adeline; Wenham, Alison; Chan, Catherine; Xu, GuangQi; Kraiem, J.; Degoulange, J.; Einhaus, Roland

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2013.2281732

Cited by 109 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Also we considered hydrogenation as a possible mechanism for the interpretation of this phenomenon. However according to the hydrogenation formulation as described in [22] and [23], this can be ruled out due to the opposite formation kinetics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing the effect of striations in n-type silicon solar cells

Coletti

Manshanden

Bernardini

et al. 2014

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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a b s t r a c tSeveral industrial n-type Czochralski silicon ingots were analysed on wafer and cell levels with ECN's bifacial n-type solar cell process. In some of the ingots, the solar cell performance in the very top drop of about 1% absolute with respect to cell from the middle part of the ingot. These cells show typical ring shaped pattern. After receiving a post-process anneal treatment at 200 1C, the efficiency nearly completly recover. We demonstrated that the improvement is due to bulk lifetime enhancement. The recovery is stable in storage conditions, under illumination and high temperature treatments up to 600 1C. The same effect cannot be reproduced in p-type Cz silicon solar cells with similar ring shaped patterns. This indicates that the defects responsible for lifetime and efficiency degradation in wafers affected by ring patterns differ in n-type and p-type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing the effect of striations in n-type silicon solar cells

Coletti

Manshanden

Bernardini

et al. 2014

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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“…The charge state has important implications for the diffusivity and reactivity of the hydrogen [110,111]. For example, the diffusion of both H + and H − is impeded by the attraction to ionised dopant atoms.…”

Section: Manipulation Of Hydrogen Charge Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minority carrier injection can be achieved by using illumination and can lead to substantial increases in the concentration of highly mobile and reactive H 0 [111,115]. Some studies have discussed the influence of modulating the charge state of B-O defects and hydrogen for the passivation of B-O defects [87,102,[116][117][118][119].…”

Section: Manipulation Of Hydrogen Charge Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process acts to release hydrogen from the dielectric layers [103] and can enable the diffusion of hydrogen into the silicon and throughout the bulk [140][141][142][143]. The high temperatures used for co-firing, typically in the vicinity of 700-900 • C, overcome issues with trapping, significantly increase the generation of H 0 and enhance the diffusivity of hydrogen [111]. …”

Section: Eliminating B-o Lid During Cell and Module Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eliminating Light-Induced Degradation in Commercial p-Type Czochralski Silicon Solar Cells

et al. 2017

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This paper discusses developments in the mitigation of light-induced degradation caused by boron-oxygen defects in boron-doped Czochralski grown silicon. Particular attention is paid to the fabrication of industrial silicon solar cells with treatments for sensitive materials using illuminated annealing. It highlights the importance and desirability of using hydrogen-containing dielectric layers and a subsequent firing process to inject hydrogen throughout the bulk of the silicon solar cell and subsequent illuminated annealing processes for the formation of the boron-oxygen defects and simultaneously manipulate the charge states of hydrogen to enable defect passivation. For the photovoltaic industry with a current capacity of approximately 100 GW peak, the mitigation of boron-oxygen related light-induced degradation is a necessity to use cost-effective B-doped silicon while benefitting from the high-efficiency potential of new solar cell concepts.

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“…For commercial grade solar cells, hydrogen also plays a vital role in passivating defects, such as the passivation of crystallographic defects and impurities in the bulk of multi-crystalline silicon solar cells [22][23][24][25][26][27] and boron-oxygen defects [17,[28][29][30][31][32]. Hydrogen passivation has also proved essential for high efficiency solar cells fabricated on high-lifetime FZ wafers, including the passivated emitter, rear and totally diffused (PERT) and the world record holding passivated emitter, rear and locally diffused (PERL) solar cell technologies, through enhanced surface passivation [33,34].…”

Section: Hydrogen Passivationmentioning

confidence: 99%