In DC microgrids, distributed energy storage plays a key role in stabilizing the DC bus voltage. The bidirectional DC/DC converter in the distributed energy storage system should be designed according to the voltage level and electromagnetic isolation requirements, and multiple energy storage units should be coordinated for load current distribution according to the state of charge (SOC). This paper proposes a SOC power index droop control strategy by communication lines to coordinate the fast and high-precision distribution of load current among multiple energy storage units, and the SOC between energy storage units quickly converges to a consistent state. Considering that communication lines are susceptible to interference, this paper further proposes an improved SOC power index droop control to overcome the effects of communication line failures. Considering the high cost of the energy storage unit, it should be connected to the DC microgrid in layers to achieve a reasonable allocation of resources in practical applications. In order to provide high-quality power to a large power grid, the quantification standards of the DC bus fluctuation range and the working range of each converter are further discussed to maximize the stability of the DC bus voltage and grid-connected power fluctuation.Keywords: bidirectional DC/DC converter; DC microgrid; distributed energy storage; SOC (state of charge) droop control
IntroductionDistributed energy storage is the key issue to solve the issue of grid-connected renewable energy generation. For example, it can improve the ability of the grid to accept wind and photovoltaic (PV) power [1-3]. A typical DC microgrid structure is mainly composed of a distributed generation unit, an energy storage unit, a load cell, and a grid-connected converter [4][5][6], as shown in Figure 1. DC microgrid research focuses on stabilizing the DC bus voltage to ensure the power balance of the system. To stabilize bus voltage fluctuations and solve energy supply volatility issues, adding energy storage devices can improve the device's voltage sag and the inrush issues caused by load-switching, changes in natural conditions, and instantaneous faults in DC microgrid systems; this improves the reliability and scheduling flexibility of the distributed generation grid connection. Using low bandwidth communication control reduces the long-distance stability and DC microgrid distribution of the system due to network delay packet loss and other issues. To avoid the risk caused by long-distance communication control, each unit is divided into three control layers according to the normalized voltage of DC bus and coordinated control of various units [7]. Compared with the two-level converter, the three-level converter has only half of the switches to change state peer cycle, and the voltage stress on the switch is only half of the bus voltage [8,9].