Advanced Diagnostic Approaches and Current Management of Proventricular Dilatation Disease

Gancz, Ady Y.; Clubb, Susan L.; Shivaprasad, H. L.

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2010.05.004

Cited by 40 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The percentage of ABVinfected birds selected from our pathology databases was thus significantly higher than the background level observed in apparently healthy flocks. Pathological findings in ABV-infected birds were very similar to those typically found in parrots affected with PDD (Shivaprasad et al, 1995;Berhane et al, 2001;Gancz et al, 2010). Although both neurological signs and gastrointestinal impaction were seen associated with ABV infection, the former was more consistently identified within this group of cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Results disagreed in only one case (of the 17 frozen brains tested), which was positive on rtRT-PCR but inconclusive on conventional RT-PCR. In parrots, assays for the M and N genes appear to have a similar high sensitivity (Gancz et al, 2010;Raghav et al, 2010); while the nucleoprotein N gene is the more highly expressed region of the genome, the matrix M gene is the more highly conserved region (Kistler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABV was first identified in 2008 and proposed as the aetiology of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD), a significant pathological syndrome that has been reported worldwide in more than 80 species of psittacine birds (Honkavuori et al, 2008;Kistler et al, 2008). Subsequent research, including inoculation studies in birds (Gancz et al, 2009;Gray et al, 2010;Mirhosseini et al, 2011;Payne et al, 2011b;Piepenbring et al, 2012) and investigations of outbreaks Gancz et al, 2010;Wunschmann et al, 2011;Heffels-Redmann et al, 2012), provided strong supporting evidence for a causal relationship. Psittacine birds affected with PDD exhibit various non-specific gastrointestinal and neurological signs with a high case fatality rate once clinical signs develop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Psittacine birds affected with PDD exhibit various non-specific gastrointestinal and neurological signs with a high case fatality rate once clinical signs develop. Characteristic gross pathological findings of PDD include poor body condition, proventricular and ventricular dilatation, and duodenal distension (Shivaprasad et al, 1995;Berhane et al, 2001;Gancz et al, 2010). Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates within myenteric ganglia and nerves of the proventriculus and ventriculus are considered the histological hallmarks of PDD (Ritchie et al, 1998) and are considered by some authors to be pathognomonic for the disease (Berhane et al, 2001;Schmidt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathology and diagnosis of avian bornavirus infection in wild Canada geese (Branta canadensis), trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Canada: a retrospective study

et al. 2013

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Nine hundred and fifty-five pathology cases collected in Ontario between 1992 and 2011 from wild free-ranging Canada geese, trumpeter swans and mute swans were retrospectively evaluated for the pathology associated with avian bornavirus (ABV) infection. Cases were selected based on the presence of upper gastrointestinal impaction, central nervous system histopathology or clinical history suggestive of ABV infection. The proportion of birds meeting at least one of these criteria was significantly higher at the Toronto Zoo (30/132) than elsewhere in Ontario (21/823). Central, peripheral and autonomic nervous tissues were examined for the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells on histopathology. The presence of virus was assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on frozen brains and on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Among selected cases, 86.3% (44/51) were considered positive on histopathology, 56.8% (29/51) were positive by immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR was positive on 88.2% (15/17) of the frozen brains and 78.4% (40/51) of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Histopathological lesions included gliosis and lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing in brain (97.7%), spinal cord (50%), peripheral nerves (55.5%) and myenteric ganglia or nerves (62.8%), resembling lesions described in parrots affected with proventricular dilatation disease. Partial amino acid sequences of the nucleocapsid gene from seven geese were 100% identical amongst themselves and 98.1 to 100% identical to the waterfowl sequences recently described in the USA. Although ABV has been identified in apparently healthy geese, our study confirmed that ABV can also be associated with significant disease in wild waterfowl species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathology and diagnosis of avian bornavirus infection in wild Canada geese (Branta canadensis), trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Canada: a retrospective study

et al. 2013

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“…2,13 Therefore the choanal/cloacal swab or fecal swab has been presumed the sample of choice for detection of ABV shedding. The presence of ABV in the droppings of ABV-infected birds as detected by RT-PCR is well recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian bornavirus in the urine of infected birds

Heatley

Villalobos²

2012

VMRR

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Avian bornavirus (ABV) causes proventricular dilatation disease in multiple avian species. In severe clinical disease, the virus, while primarily neurotropic, can be detected in many organs, including the kidneys. We postulated that ABV could be shed by the kidneys and found in the urine of infected birds. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated viral N and P proteins of ABV within the renal tubules. We adapted a nonsurgical method of urine collection for use in parrots known to be shedding ABV in their droppings. We obtained urine without feces, and results were compared with swabs of fresh voided feces. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay performed on these paired samples from five birds indicated that ABV was shed in quantity in the urine of infected birds, and a single sample was urine-positive and fecal-negative. We suggest that urine sampling may be a superior sample for detection of birds shedding ABV, and advocate that additional birds, known to be shedding or infected with ABV, should be investigated via this method.

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Avian Bornaviruses: Diagnosis, Isolation, and Genotyping

et al. 2014

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These protocols apply to all currently known genotypes of avian bornavirus (ABV). First, they include four basic protocols for molecular techniques that should enable an investigator to detect ABV infection in a live or dead bird. These include both reverse transcriptase and real-time PCR assays. Second, they include three protocols enabling ABV infections to be diagnosed by serologic techniques including indirect immunofluorescence assays, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunoassays. Third, they also include methods by which ABV can be isolated from infected bird tissues by culture in primary duck embryo fibroblasts, as well as in other avian cell lines. Finally, as part of a diagnostic workup, any virus detected should be genotyped by sequencing, and a protocol for this is also provided.

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Advanced Diagnostic Approaches and Current Management of Proventricular Dilatation Disease

Abstract: Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a fatal inflammatory disease that affects mainly, but not exclusively, psittacine birds (Order: Psittaciformes). PDD has long been suspected to be a viral disease, but its causative agent, a novel Bornavirus, was only identified in 2008.

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Pathology and diagnosis of avian bornavirus infection in wild Canada geese (Branta canadensis), trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Canada: a retrospective study

Pathology and diagnosis of avian bornavirus infection in wild Canada geese (Branta canadensis), trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) and mute swans (Cygnus olor) in Canada: a retrospective study

Avian bornavirus in the urine of infected birds

Avian Bornaviruses: Diagnosis, Isolation, and Genotyping

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