Advanced distributed fiber optic sensors for monitoring real-time cementing operations and long term zonal isolation

Wu, Qian; Nair, Sriramya; Shuck, Michelle; Oort, Eric van; Guzik, Artur; Kishida, Kinzo

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.08.072

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) technique, which has been recently developed, tracks the response to rock deformation at each spatial location along a fiber-installed crossing-formation wellbore in real time (Kogure & Okuda, 2018;Wu et al, 2017;Xue & Hashimoto, 2017). Therefore, this technique can potentially improve our understanding of pressure and CO 2 plume migrations along the vertical direction while performing in-reservoir and above-zone pressure monitoring (Strandli & Benson, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Zhang¹,

Xue²,

Park³

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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Monitoring the migration of pore pressure, deformation, and saturation plumes with effective tools is important for the storage and utilization of fluids in underground reservoirs, such as geological stores of carbon dioxide (CO2) and natural gas. Such tools would also verify the security of the fluid contained reservoir‐caprock system. Utilizing the swelling strain attributed to pressure buildup and the adsorption of supercritical CO2 on clay minerals, we tracked the fluid plume in a natural clay‐rich Tako sandstone at the laboratory core scale. The strain was measured by a high‐resolution distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) tool. The strain changes induced by CO2 adsorptions on clay minerals were significantly greater than those caused by pore pressure alone. The distribution of the swelling strain signals effectively captured the dynamic breakthrough of the CO2 plume from the high‐ to low‐permeability regions in the Tako sandstone. Besides revealing the in situ deformation state, the measured strain changes can track the movement of the CO2 plume as it enters the clay‐rich critical regions in the reservoir‐caprock system. The present findings and potential future applications of DFOSS in the field are expected to enhance the monitoring and management of underground fluid reservoirs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Zhang¹,

Xue²,

Park³

et al. 2019

Water Resources Research

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“…This study demonstrated the good performance of a Rayleigh scattering-based DSS using TW-COTDR method. A functionality similar to the one shown here could be deployed in well testing involved with fluid injection/extraction or in studying aquifer fluid flow behavior with hydromechanical responses (e.g., those for natural fluids such as water, gas and oil, or those used for geological storage of CO 2 ) (Mur-doch et al, 2020;Vilarrasa et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2019;Zappone et al, 2020). Because of the high resolution and accuracy, the use of DSS would be beneficial in operations, for proper fluid injection or extraction and pressure management, the detection of fluid leakage from reservoirs (Rutqvist et al, 2016), rock fracking and stimulation (Krietsch et al, 2020), and optimizing reservoir utilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ hydromechanical responses during well drilling recorded by fiber-optic distributed strain sensing

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Drilling fluid infiltration during well drilling may induce pore pressure and strain perturbations in neighbored reservoir formations. In this study, we report that such small strain changes (∼20 µε) have been in situ monitored using fiber-optic distributed strain sensing (DSS) in two observation wells with different distances (approximately 3 and 9 m) from the new drilled wellbore in a shallow water aquifer. The results show the layered pattern of the drilling-induced hydromechanical deformation. The pattern could be indicative of (1) fluid pressure diffusion through each zone with distinct permeabilities or (2) the heterogeneous formation damage caused by the mud filter cakes during the drilling. A coupled hydromechanical model is used to interpret the two possibilities. The DSS method could be deployed in similar applications such as geophysical well testing with fluid injection (or extraction) and in studying reservoir fluid flow behavior with hydromechanical responses. The DSS method would be useful for understanding reservoir pressure communication, determining the zones for fluid productions or injection (e.g., for CO2 storage), and optimizing reservoir management and utilization.

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“…Over the last 10 years, new technology has become available. This technology, which uses fiber‐optic sensors (Boone, Ridge, Crickmore, & Onen, 2014; Kamal, 2014; Wu, 2019; Wu et al., 2019), is expected to provide real‐time and in situ monitoring of the cement bond and zonal isolation in either active or abandoned wells, without the need for wellbore entry. Since this technology is relatively new, it was not a viable option when the regulations were written.…”

Section: Illustrative Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Standards and Guidelines as a Tool to Fulfil Regulatory Requirements

2021

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Over the years, industrial safety regulation has shifted from a “hard” command and control regime to a “soft” regime. A “hard” regime includes the use of strict prescriptive requirements which explain how industry should solve particular issues. A “soft” regime, uses more functional requirements, pointing out what goals are to be achieved. In a “soft” regime, prescriptive standards might still exist, but they are considered suggested solutions, with alternative solutions also being considered if they achieve the overall regulatory goals. The purpose of such a shift is to create regulations that are more flexible, meaning that they are more open for the use of novel technology and for the use of risk assessments as a basis for decision making. However, it is not clear that the shift from a hard to a soft regime has made it easier to use risk assessments for such a purpose in practice. In the present article, we discuss the limitations caused by strict adherence to prescriptive requirements presented in standards or regulations and present our perspective on why and how these can limit risk management in practice. The article aims to discuss the strengths and weaknesses, with regard to risk management, when regulations are strictly dependent on prescriptive or specification‐based standards and guidelines. Several examples are used to illustrate some of the main challenges related to the use of specification‐based technical standards and how the regulatory shift from “hard” to “soft” has not necessarily made it easier to implement technological solutions based on risk assessments.

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Advanced distributed fiber optic sensors for monitoring real-time cementing operations and long term zonal isolation

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

In situ hydromechanical responses during well drilling recorded by fiber-optic distributed strain sensing

On the Use of Standards and Guidelines as a Tool to Fulfil Regulatory Requirements

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Advanced distributed fiber optic sensors for monitoring real-time cementing operations and long term zonal isolation

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Tracking CO2 Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Tracking CO2 Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

In situ hydromechanical responses during well drilling recorded by fiber-optic distributed strain sensing

On the Use of Standards and Guidelines as a Tool to Fulfil Regulatory Requirements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration

Tracking CO₂ Plumes in Clay‐Rich Rock by Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing (DFOSS): A Laboratory Demonstration