Advanced Eales’ Disease With Neovascular Glaucoma at First Presentation

Alfayyadh, Mohammed A; AlAbdulhadi, Halla A.; Almubarak, Mahdi

doi:10.7759/cureus.18302

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In the literature, two case reports associated Eales disease with neovascular glaucoma. Alfayyadh et al described the case of a 24-year-old male who was admitted to an emergency room due to neovascular glaucoma symptoms who was subsequently diagnosed with proliferative Eales disease [ 32 ]. Similarly, Bleidele et al reported the case of a 26-year-old male patient with bilateral Eales disease who developed aggressive neovascular glaucoma; this led to optic atrophy and total blindness in the left eye despite intensive treatment [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Eales Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mercuț,

Ică,

Tănasie

et al. 2024

JPM

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Eales disease manifests as an obliterative periphlebitis affecting the retina; it originates from the periphery and progresses posteriorly. It is characterized by retinal vessel wall inflammation, ischemia, and retinal neovascularization. In this report, we present the case of a 34-year-old male who attended our clinic with a sudden blurring of vision in his right eye. A diagnosis of bilateral retinal vasculitis with vitreal hemorrhage was ascertained in his RE. A dilated ocular fundus examination revealed perivenous sheathing of the peripheral vessels in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography indicated dye staining, vessel obliteration, capillary drop-out, areas of non-perfusion and the formation of new vessels. Laboratory tests revealed positive results for Borrelia; a PPD skin test and QuantiFERON TB assay were also positive. The patient underwent bilateral retinal laser pan-photocoagulation, followed by systemic treatment with oral steroids, cephazoline, isoniazid, azathioprine, and entecavir. The steroid dose was progressively reduced over 10 months; the treatment with azathioprine continues, as we are monitoring the patient over the long term. After 3 months, the vasculitis had regressed without any vitreal hemorrhage recurrence. Vision acuity improved from 0.4 to 1 in the patient’s right eye. A multidisciplinary approach, which included collaborative management with gastroenterology, infectious disease, pulmonology, and rheumatology specialists, was essential for the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow up of the patient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Eales Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mercuț,

Ică,

Tănasie

et al. 2024

JPM

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“…Eales’ disease (ED) is commonly considered an idiopathic vasculitis that mainly involves the peripheral retina [ 89 ]. First described by Henry Eales in 1880 [ 90 ], ED typically arises as a monolateral peripheral perivasculitis followed by both capillary non-perfusion and proliferative manifestations, leading to recurrent vitreous hemorrhage [ 91 ].…”

Section: Major Retinal Diseases and Oxidative/nitrosative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First described by Henry Eales in 1880 [ 90 ], ED typically arises as a monolateral peripheral perivasculitis followed by both capillary non-perfusion and proliferative manifestations, leading to recurrent vitreous hemorrhage [ 91 ]. However, in 50–90% of patients, bilateral involvement is observed [ 89 ]. Several complications of ED such as cataract, neovascular glaucoma, rubeosis iridis, tractional retinal detachment and bulbar phthisis have been described [ 89 ].…”

Section: Major Retinal Diseases and Oxidative/nitrosative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in 50–90% of patients, bilateral involvement is observed [ 89 ]. Several complications of ED such as cataract, neovascular glaucoma, rubeosis iridis, tractional retinal detachment and bulbar phthisis have been described [ 89 ].…”

Section: Major Retinal Diseases and Oxidative/nitrosative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is quite rare in the West, being more frequent in Asia and especially in the Indian subcontinent where it is frequently observed in young men between 20 and 40 years of age [ 89 ]. ED pathogenesis has not yet been clarified, but it is common opinion that ED is a form of hypersensitivity to tuberculin-protein occurring after exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis [ 92 ].…”

Section: Major Retinal Diseases and Oxidative/nitrosative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Stress Implication in Retinal Diseases—A Review

et al. 2022

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Oxidative stress (OS) refers to an imbalance between free radicals (FRs), namely highly reactive molecules normally generated in our body by several pathways, and intrinsic antioxidant capacity. When FR levels overwhelm intrinsic antioxidant defenses, OS occurs, inducing a series of downstream chemical reactions. Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced by numerous chemical reactions that take place in tissues and organs and are then eliminated by antioxidant molecules. In particular, the scientific literature focuses more on ROS participation in the pathogenesis of diseases than on the role played by RNS. By its very nature, the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), which is directly responsible for increased OS. In this review, we aimed to focus on the retinal damage caused by ROS/RNS and the related retinal pathologies. A deeper understanding of the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in retinal damage is needed in order to develop targeted therapeutic interventions to slow these pathologies.

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A Review of Eales’ Disease and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Bae,

Alcantara,

Kim

et al. 2024

Biology

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Eales’ Disease is an idiopathic peripheral retinal vasculopathy first described by British ophthalmologist Henry Eales in 1880. Most prevalent in healthy young males, Eales’ Disease often presents with symptoms of sudden blurry or decreased vision and floaters. Although no clear, standardized stage of the disease exists, it progresses through three overlapping phases—peripheral periphlebitis, ischemic capillary ischemia, and retinal neovascularization. The etiology of Eales’ Disease is unknown and appears to be multifactorial, but post-TB hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein and M. tuberculosis DNA is the most potential cause in the etiology of Eales’ Disease. With a thorough examination of the clinical presentation and diagnosis of Eales’ Disease—incorporating the latest clinical findings related to the condition—the investigation for Eales’ Disease extends to explore recent potential connections with other ocular conditions or possible cofactors, such as glaucoma, uncontrolled diabetes, drug abuse, or inherited medical conditions. Moreover, focusing on critical insights into the treatment of Eales’ Disease across its various stages of progression, the overarching goal of the paper is to refine and suggest possible future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Widening our understanding of pathophysiology and utilizing various treatment options for individual patients holds immense potential for advancing ocular medicine and optimizing patient care for people with this disease with unknown pathophysiology.

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Advanced Eales’ Disease With Neovascular Glaucoma at First Presentation

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Eales Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Management of Eales Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Oxidative Stress Implication in Retinal Diseases—A Review

A Review of Eales’ Disease and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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