Advanced Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: From Single- to Multielement Materials

Abstract

The proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM-WE) is a well-known green technology for hydrogen production. The main obstacle to its development, on a large scale, is the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). At present, the design of acid-stable electrocatalysts with low overpotential and excellent stability for the OER constitutes an important activity in electrocatalysis. This review presents an analysis of the fundamentals and strategies for the design of advanced electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution, reaction mechanisms, and OER descriptors. The scrutiny of OER electrocatalysts, with elemental composition from single- to multielemental, are presented. In addition, the purpose of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), a recent research strategy, for the design of advanced materials is summarized. Briefly, the effect of support materials, which are beneficial for modulating the electronic properties of catalysts, is presented. Finally, the prospects for the development of acidic OER electrocatalysts are given.

Electrochemical Investigations of Double Perovskite M2NiMnO6 (Where M = Eu, Gd, Tb) for High-Performance Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…It has been noted from the literature that the modulated electronic states and surface electronic oxidation states of the cations are important in enhancing the OER activity of the catalysts [41]. Thus, the modulated electronic states in the form of oxygen vacancies could enhance the water adsorption and dissociation kinetics of the intermediates and the active metal sites [42]. In this study, it was observed that the oxidation states of the Mn cation were modified due to the A-site doping with various lanthanide series metals.…”

In‐situ electrochemical reconstruction of CoCO3@FeOOH for boosting high‐current‐density oxygen evolution reaction and freestanding Zn‐air battery

“…Electrochemical water splitting can produce sustainable hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) as a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels for energy conversion and storage [1]. Thereinto, the relatively high overpotential and slow reaction kinetics for OER reaction significantly impede the overall electrolysis efficiency [2]. In addition, Zn-air batteries (ZABs) with high theoretical specific energy density (1086 Wh kg À 1 ), low cost, and good safety are competitive among the various storage devices.…”

Covalent Organic Framework Bifunctional Catalyst for Glucose Oxidation Reaction Coupled Nitrate to Ammonia Electrolysis

“…To take the NO 3 RR a step further, it is essential to consider the accompanying oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode in the full cell (NO 3 RR-OER) electrolysis. The sluggish kinetics of OER due to high energy demand for O–O bond formation (4e – transfer) become the bottleneck for the effective synthesis of NH 3 . − Alternatively, substituting the OER at the anode by other thermodynamically more feasible oxidation reactions, viz., the glucose oxidation reaction (GOR), thus decreases an energy input for ammonia synthesis along with the value-added products at the anode (NO 3 RR-GOR). This strategy provides a proficient assimilation of two industrially important areas, i.e., anodic oxidation of glucose to glucaric/gluconic acid − along with enhanced ammonia production at the cathode while lowering the overall potential, subsequently increasing its economic value.…”