Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Processes in the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Containing Water and Wastewater: a Review

Operando Studies of Iodine Species in an Advanced Oxidative Water Treatment Reactor

“…Accordingly, live/dead staining and fluorescence microscopy were performed, which confirmed the cells were dead but physically intact. This is consistent with previous studies of electrochemical disinfection systems that observed morphological changes to cell wall structure, where destruction of the cell wall was a key factor for cell inactivation. ,, …”

“…The inactivation of bacteria, viruses (bacteriophages), and algae using eAOPs has been demonstrated, − although a majority of past studies have focused on the electrogeneration of chlorine species. − The exact mechanisms of disinfection and decontamination by the halide oxidants produced by eAOPs are poorly understood, a problem attributed to the broad range of cellular components that can be damaged by oxidizing and reducing agents alike. Damage caused by oxidative compounds generated through electrolysis can occur to cell surfaces (cell wall, cell membrane, or spore coat) and/or to cellular components (DNA, protein, and lipids). , In particular, cell wall destruction is key a factor in cell inactivation by electrochemical disinfection, with significant morphological changes noted in treated cells. , However, it is important to note the mechanism of disinfection by eAOPs is likely a function of the type of anode used and the identity of any halides or other electrochemically relevant compounds in the input water.…”

“…21,22 In particular, cell wall destruction is key a factor in cell inactivation by electrochemical disinfection, with significant morphological changes noted in treated cells. 23,24 However, it is important to note the mechanism of disinfection by eAOPs is likely a function of the type of anode used 21 and the identity of any halides or other electrochemically relevant compounds in the input water.…”

Photo-mediated and advanced oxidative processes applied for the treatment of effluents with drugs used for the treatment of early COVID-19: Review

“…The main operational problems found in scalability, from laboratory scale to pilot scale or full-scale, in these processes are presence of ions, dissolved organic matter, color, and turbidity ( da Silva et al, 2021 ). Satisfactory results in the production of drinkable water were only obtained using the ozone process such as at Flemish Water Supply Company (VMW) in Kluizen (Belgium) where biostability increased, less chlorination was needed and significantly less chlorination water quality improved were observed ( Audenaert et al, 2010 ).…”

Advanced Electrodegradation of Doxorubicin in Water Using a 3-D Ti/SnO2 Anode

“…There are several reports regarding the application of electrooxidation processes for thedegradation/mineralization of pharmaceuticals as emerging pollutants from water [8][9][10][11], including cytostatic removal from water [6,7]. However, few studies have been reported on the electrooxidation of DOX [7,12].…”