“…As a new type of structural material in civil engineering, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has become an important supplement to traditional materials in civil engineering due to its excellent mechanical, physical and chemical properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. At present, FRP composite materials in civil engineering mainly include four categories based on the form of application: FRP strengthened structures, FRP ribs and cables to replace steel bars and steel cables, FRP combined with traditional materials and full FRP structures [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Furthermore, as a form of FRP composite materials, FRP bars are attractive for wide use in civil engineering structures especially where steel bars and/or pre-stressed steel bars are not suitable due to highly corrosive environments or where an electromagnetic transparency of structure are required [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”