Advanced Flame‐Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials

Abstract

Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame‐retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever‐increasing high flame‐retardant requirements such as high flame‐retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame‐retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on “all‐in‐one” intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame‐retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame‐retardant methods, including bulk‐additive, bulk‐copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame‐retardant methods. The future development of flame‐retardant methods is further discussed.

Catalyst-free dynamic transesterification towards a high-performance and fire-safe epoxy vitrimer and its carbon fiber composite

“…11 However, compared with the C–O bond in carboxylates, the bond energy of P–O is far below, resulting in bond rupture easily generating phosphoric acid and polyhydroxy compounds upon heating, and dramatically worsening the thermal stability of the resulting thermosets ( T 5% < 250 °C). 12 Different from phosphate, phosphaphenanthrene and its derivatives with high efficacy, low toxicity, and acceptable economic efficiency 13 can easily be chemically introduced into the cured thermosets, and endow the resulting materials with long-lasting fire safety and excellent thermal stability. 14 Given all that, we propose a new sustainable and fire-safe strategy based on the above-mentioned catalyst-free dynamic transesterification.…”

Improving the Thermal Behavior and Flame-Retardant Properties of Poly(o-anisidine)/MMT Nanocomposites Incorporated with Poly(o-anisidine) and Clay Nanofiller

“…The strip was hung horizontally from the stand. For each blend system, the opposite end of the strip was lit with a burner, and the time it took to burn from Mark A to B was recorded [ 45 , 46 , 47 ]. The blend of MMT/POA at 12% has a 3.4-fold lower burning rate than pure POA ( Table 2 ).…”

It Takes Two to Tango: Synergistic Expandable Graphite–Phosphorus Flame Retardant Combinations in Polyurethane Foams

“…One of the key approaches to improving fire protection entails adding flame retardants to polymeric materials, because most synthetic polymers are easily ignited due to their high content of hydrocarbons, an excellent fuel for fires. Currently, efficient flame retardancy is achieved through specific solutions tailored to different kinds of polymeric materials, as they have different properties [1][2][3]. Flame retardancy is specific with respect to the flameretardant mechanisms and to the flame retardant's reactions with polymeric materials [4][5][6][7] and with other ingredients, such as additional flame retardants, fillers/fibers, additives, adjuvants, and synergists [8].…”