Advanced flow cytometry for biomedical applications

Abstract

Flow cytometry (FC) is a versatile tool with excellent capabilities to detect and measure multiple characteristics of a population of cells or particles. Notable advancements in in vivo photoacoustic FC, coherent Raman FC, microfluidic FC, and so on, have been achieved in the last two decades, which endows FC with new functions and expands its applications in basic research and clinical practice. Advanced FC broadens the tools available to researchers to conduct research involving cancer detection, microbiology (COVID‐19, HIV, bacteria, etc.), and nucleic acid analysis. This review presents an overall picture of advanced flow cytometers and provides not only a clear understanding of their mechanisms but also new insights into their practical applications. We identify the latest trends in this area and aim to raise awareness of advanced techniques of FC. We hope this review expands the applications of FC and accelerates its clinical translation.

Formation of the junctions between lymph follicles in the Peyer's patches even before postweaning activation

“…With recent advances in gene technology analysis, the diversity of B-cell receptors (BCRs) and T-cell receptors (TCRs) in PPs can be examined by sequencing those genes that B and T cells possess 10 . In addition, flow cytometry can be used to count absolute numbers of B and T cells in PPs 11 . However, the histological features that allow efficient monitoring of antigen-specific immune responses, such as antigen recognition, and antigen-specific interactions between T and B cells in PPs, and subsequent B-cell proliferation and differentiation have not yet been fully elucidated.…”