Advanced geostationary radar for hurricane monitoring and studies

Im, E.; Durden, Stephen L.; Rahrnat-Sarnii, Y.; Fang, Houfei; Cable, V.; Lou, Michael; Huang, John

doi:10.1109/nrc.2004.1316440

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…However, the performance of the instrument onboard the small satellite is limited, and a reference standard such as the GPM core observatory may still be needed. Another challenging idea is to use a large radar in a geostationary orbit (Im et al 2004). This concept was initiated in 1980s (Gogineni and Moore 1989).…”

Section: Beyond Gpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress from TRMM to GPM

Nakamura

2021

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite was launched in 1997 and the observations continued for more than 17 years. The features of TRMM observation were as follows: (a) it followed a non-sun synchronized orbit that enabled diurnal variation of precipitation to be investigated, (b) it carried a precipitation radar and microwave and infrared radiometers, along with two instruments of opportunity in the form of a lighting sensor and a radiation budget sensor, and (c) it worked as a standard reference for precipitation measurements for other spaceborne microwave radiometers, which enabled global rain maps to be developed. For science, TRMM provided precise and accurate rain distributions over tropical and subtropical regions. The rainfall results are primarily important for the study of the precipitation climatologies, while the threedimensional images of precipitation systems enabled the study of the global characteristics of precipitation systems. Technologically, the spaceborne rain radar onboard TRMM demonstrated the effectiveness of radars in space, while the combination with other rain observation instruments showed its effectiveness as a calibration source. Multi-satellite rain maps in which TRMM was the reference standard have been developed, and they became prototypes of the multi-satellite Earth observation systems. Based on the great success of TRMM, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) was designed to expand TRMM's coverage to higher latitudes. The core satellite of GPM is equipped with a dual frequency precipitation radar (DPR) and a microwave radiometer. DPR consists of a Ku-band radar (KuPR) and a Ka-band radar (KaPR) and has a capability to discriminate solid from liquid precipitation. The period of the precipitation measurement with spaceborne radars extended to more than 23 years which may make it possible to detect the change of precipitation climatology related to change in the global environment. While TRMM's and GPM's accomplishments are very broad, this paper tries to highlight Japan's contributions to the science of these missions.

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Section: Beyond Gpmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress from TRMM to GPM

Nakamura

2021

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…The precipitation radar boarded on the geostationary satellite [3] was studied. It can observe the same area with short sampling interval of about one hour.…”

Section: Formulation To Calculate Radar Performancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility study of the precipitation radar boarded on the medium earth orbit satellite

Okumura

Suzuki

2016

IEICE ComEX

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The spaceborne precipitation radar has the capability of monitoring three dimensional rain profiles and it can provide important data for understanding water cycle and climate change on the earth. However, the sampling frequency for the same area on the earth is only once per several days. Therefore, more frequent measurement is required to improve the accuracy of short term weather forecast and to monitor typhoons and severe storms. In this paper, the use of the medium earth orbit satellite is studied to observe the same area with short sampling interval of several hours.

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“…while the constitutive equation for the elastic strain of the reflector is fσg cfεg (2) where fσg f σ rr σ θθ σ rθ g T (3a)…”

Section: A Reflector Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To benefit from the advantages of large deployable reflectors in high orbit, a tight surface tolerance must be kept, which is a challenge. Studies have shown [2,3] that, without any mechanisms to correct for mechanical and thermal distortion, a deployed reflector would nominally achieve a surface tolerance in the order of several millimeters, which is at least an order of magnitude greater than the required surface accuracy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Advances of Surface Control Methodologies for Flexible Space Reflectors

Hill

Wang

Fang

2013

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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With the advances in deployable membrane technologies, the possibility of developing large, lightweight reflectors has greatly improved. However, to achieve the required accuracy, precision surface control is needed. The goal of this research was to investigate the feasibility of applying distributed polyvinylidene fluoride actuators and domain control on a flexible reflector and address some of the technical challenges. An analytical model of the integrated reflector-actuator system was developed. A Kapton reflector with polyvinylidene fluoride actuators was experimentally tested and compared with the model. A new least-squares control law is designed to ensure optimal solutions are derived in a rigorous manner when constraints are applied. The model is exercised using individually controlled polyvinylidene fluoride actuators on a large-scale reflector under thermal load. Although the results are promising with the large number of actuators applied, the major challenge is that it is unrealistic to have the same number of power supplies as actuators in actual applications. To resolve this issue, a new optimization methodology was developed, designated as the en masse elimination algorithm, which finds the global optimal solution that groups the actuators to match the limited number of power supplies and achieve minimum surface error. Nomenclature a = planform diameter, m d xy = piezoelectric constants, m∕V E x = electric field in x direction, V∕m E Y = modulus of elasticity, Pa h p = thickness of patch, m h ref = thickness of reflector, m P = inflation pressure, Pa R = radius of curvature, m r, θ, φ = cylindrical coordinates Tr; θ = temperature profile, K T p = membrane tension, N T 0 = bulk temperature shift, K U = strain energy, J u, v, w = coordinate values, m u 0 , v 0 , w 0 = midsurface displacements, m α CTE = coefficient of thermal expansion, K −1 β Y = rotational angles for Love simplification, rad ΔT = linear temperature gradient, K ε = strain ρ = density, kg∕m 3 σ = stress, Pa υ = Poisson's ratio

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Advanced geostationary radar for hurricane monitoring and studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Progress from TRMM to GPM

Progress from TRMM to GPM

Feasibility study of the precipitation radar boarded on the medium earth orbit satellite

Advances of Surface Control Methodologies for Flexible Space Reflectors

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