Advanced Glycation Endproducts as Biomarkers for Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases by Skin Autofluorescence: A Noninvasive Optical Screening

Paolillo, Fernanda Rossi; Mattos, Vicente Silva; Borghi‐Silva, Audrey; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; Neto, Jarbas Caiado de Castro

doi:10.1089/photob.2018.4563

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, Wetzels and colleagues as well as Teichert et al show similar plasma levels of various AGE structures, including free and protein-bound CML between non-demented subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis or non-diabetic and pre-diabetic women, respectively [ 168 , 169 ]. In line with earlier findings on glycoxidation levels in aging [ 153 ], studies from 2019 suggest an age-related increase in skin AF, pentosidine levels and total amount of AGEs [ 141 , 170 , 171 ]. In particular, Kida and colleagues performed their analysis in different specimens of spinal surgery patients and found strong correlations between serum, urine, bone, and skin pentosidine levels with age [ 170 ].…”

Section: The Relevance Of Biomarkers Of Protein Oxidation In the Context Of Human Disease And Agingsupporting

confidence: 84%

Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases

et al. 2021

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Generation of reactive oxygen species and related oxidants is an inevitable consequence of life. Proteins are major targets for oxidation reactions, because of their rapid reaction rates with oxidants and their high abundance in cells, extracellular tissues, and body fluids. Additionally, oxidative stress is able to degrade lipids and carbohydrates to highly reactive intermediates, which eventually attack proteins at various functional sites. Consequently, a wide variety of distinct posttranslational protein modifications is formed by protein oxidation, glycoxidation, and lipoxidation. Reversible modifications are relevant in physiological processes and constitute signaling mechanisms (“redox signaling”), while non-reversible modifications may contribute to pathological situations and several diseases. A rising number of publications provide evidence for their involvement in the onset and progression of diseases as well as aging processes. Certain protein oxidation products are chemically stable and formed in large quantity, which makes them promising candidates to become biomarkers of oxidative damage. Moreover, progress in the development of detection and quantification methods facilitates analysis time and effort and contributes to their future applicability in clinical routine. The present review outlines the most important classes and selected examples of oxidative protein modifications, elucidates the chemistry beyond their formation and discusses available methods for detection and analysis. Furthermore, the relevance and potential of protein modifications as biomarkers in the context of disease and aging is summarized.

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Section: The Relevance Of Biomarkers Of Protein Oxidation In the Context Of Human Disease And Agingsupporting

confidence: 84%

Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases

et al. 2021

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“…AGEs accumulates in chondrocyte culture media treated with hyperglycemia In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia could increase the concentration of AGEs formation [20,21] . To evaluate the concentration of AGEs in chondrocyte culture uid treated with hyperglycemia, we incubated the chondrocytes with different glucose concentrations (5.5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM), and collected chondrocyte culture media at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic hyperglycemia in cartilage which induces oxidative stress, overproduction of pro-in ammatory and pro-degradative cytokines and AGEs, which may modulate OA progression [6,25] . In diabetic patients, hyperglycemia could increase the concentration of AGEs formation [20,21] . Meanwhile, AGEs also accumulate with age in OA cartilage modifying its mechanical properties, including stiffness and resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of PPARγ in Hyperglycemia-induced Deleterious Effect on Chondrocytes

Ma¹,

Yang²,

Tan³

et al. 2020

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Aims: There is a well-established link between OA and diabetes, and study have shown that hyperglycemia might play an important role in the occurrence and development of OA. Accumulative evidence suggested that PPARγ was involved in AGEs-related disease, including diabetes and OA. The study was designed to investigate the effects of hyperglycemia on the expression of PPARγ in chondrocytes and whether PPARγ agonist pioglitazone had a chondroprotective effect.Main methods: Primary human chondrocytes were incubated with different concentration of glucose medium(5.5mM-30mM) in the presence or absence of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone. The AGEs formation level in chondrocytes culture medium was detected by AGEs specific ELISA kits. The expression of IL-1, MMP-13, TNF-α, PPARγ was determined by western blotting and real-time PCR.Key findings: The AGEs fomation level was time-dependently and dose-dependently increased in chondrocyte culture media. Hyperglycemia could enhance the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, but the level of PPARγ was decreased in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, which was inhibited by PPARγ agonist pioglitazone. Noteworthy, the maximum effect was found to at 20mM glucose medium for 24h.Significance: Hyperglycemia could increase the AGEs formation level and induce inflammatory response and matrix degradation reaction in chondrocytes. PPARγ agonists pioglitazone had a chondroprotective effect via inhibit inflammatory response and matrix degradation reaction. PPARγ could be a potential target for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of diabetic-induced OA.

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“…corroborated this conclusion, as a direct increasing relationship was found between autofluorescence and BMI at other AGE specific wavelengths. 92 This study utilized an excitation between 300 and 420 nm (peak at 350 nm) and collected data by analyzing the ratio of emitted light between 420 and 600 nm with the excitation intensity. Ahmad et al.…”

Section: Differences In the Primary Layers Of The Skin With Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin optical properties in the obese and their relation to body mass index: a review

et al. 2022

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. Significance: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic contributing directly to several cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Wearable devices are becoming better at quantifying biomarkers relevant for the management of health and fitness. Unfortunately, both anecdotal evidence and recent studies indicate that some wearables have higher levels of error when utilized by populations with darker skin tones and high body mass index (BMI). There is an urgent need for a better evaluation of the limits of wearable health technologies when used by obese individuals. Aims: (1) To review the current know-how on changes due to obesity in the skin epidermis, dermis, and subcutis that could affect the skin optical properties; (2) for the green wavelength range, to evaluate the difference in absorption and scattering coefficients from the abdominal skin between individuals with and without elevated BMI. The changes include alterations in layer thickness and cell size, as well as significant differences in chromophores and scatterer content, e.g., water, hemoglobin, collagen, and lipids. Approach: We have summarized literature pertaining to changes in skin and its components in obesity and report the results of our search using articles published between years 1971 and 2020. A linear model was used to demonstrate the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient of the abdominal skin of individuals with and without elevated BMI in the green wavelength range (530 to 550 nm) that is typically found in most wearables. Results: The general trends indicate a decrease in absorption for both dermis and subcutis and an increase in reduced scattering for both epidermis and dermis. At 544-nm wavelength, a typical wavelength used for photoplethysmography (PPG), the absorption coefficient’s relative percentage difference between high and low BMI skin, was 49% in the subcutis, 19% in the dermis, and negligible in the epidermis, whereas the reduced scattering coefficient relative difference was 21%, 29%, and 165% respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that there could be significant errors in the output of optical devices used for monitoring health and fitness if changes due to obesity are not accounted for in their design.

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Advanced Glycation Endproducts as Biomarkers for Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases by Skin Autofluorescence: A Noninvasive Optical Screening

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases

Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases

The Role of PPARγ in Hyperglycemia-induced Deleterious Effect on Chondrocytes

Skin optical properties in the obese and their relation to body mass index: a review

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Advanced Glycation Endproducts as Biomarkers for Risk of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases by Skin Autofluorescence: A Noninvasive Optical Screening

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases

Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases

The Role of PPARγ&nbsp;in Hyperglycemia-induced Deleterious Effect on Chondrocytes

Skin optical properties in the obese and their relation to body mass index: a review

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The Role of PPARγ in Hyperglycemia-induced Deleterious Effect on Chondrocytes