Advanced imaging modalities provide new insights into coronary artery calcification

Ban, Xiaofang; Li, Zhaoyue; Duan, Yuchen; Xu, Ke; Xiong, Jianping; Tu, Yingfeng

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110601

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The appearance and extent of coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a reliable indicator for coronary artery disease and coronary atherosclerosis, and an established predictor of cardiovascular risk [ 1 , 2 ]. By means of the radiopacity of calcified plaques, computed tomography (CT) can provide a fast and non-invasive evaluation of CAC [ 3 ]. Usually, the extent of calcium in coronary arteries is quantified on non-enhanced CT scans, followed by an angiography for stenosis evaluation [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate sensitivity of virtual non-contrast calcium scores derived from photon counting detector CT data: a phantom study

Risch,

Schwarz,

Kroencke

et al. 2024

Radiol med

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Purpose To assess the reliability of virtual non-contrast (VNC) derived coronary artery calcium quantities in relation to heart rate and the VNC algorithm used compared to reference true non-contrast (TNC), considering several clinically established acquisition modes. Material and methods An ad hoc built coronary phantom containing four calcified lesions and an iodinated lumen was scanned using three cardiac acquisition modes three times within an anthropomorphic cardiac motion phantom simulating different heart rates (0, 60, 80, 100 bpm) and reconstructed with a conventional (VNCconv) and a calcium-sensitive (VNCpc) VNC algorithm. TNC reference was scanned at 0 bpm with non-iodinated lumen. Calcium scores were assessed in terms of number of lesions detected, Agatston and volume scores and global noise was measured. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were performed to test measurements for significant difference. Results For both VNC algorithms used, calcium levels or noise were not significantly affected by heart rate. Measurements on VNCpc reconstructions best reproduced TNC results, but with increased variability (Agatston scores at 0 bpm for TNC, VNCconv, and VNCpc were 47.1 ± 1.1, 6.7 ± 2.8 (p < 0.001), and 45.3 ± 7.6 (p > 0.05), respectively). VNC reconstructions showed lower noise levels compared to TNC, especially for VNCpc (noiseheart on TNC, VNCconv and VNCpc at 0 bpm was 5.0 ± 0.4, 4.5 ± 0.2, 4.2 ± 0.2). Conclusion No significant heart rate dependence of VNC-based calcium scores was observed in an intra-reconstruction comparison. VNCpc reproduces TNC scores better than VNCconv without significant differences and decreased noise, however, with an increasing average deviation with rising heart rates. VNC-based CACS should be used with caution as the measures show higher variability compared to reference TNC and therefore hold the potential of incorrect risk categorization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate sensitivity of virtual non-contrast calcium scores derived from photon counting detector CT data: a phantom study

Risch,

Schwarz,

Kroencke

et al. 2024

Radiol med

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show abstract

“…Recent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) studies have identified both plaque progression and plaque composition as important predictors of developing plaque vulnerability that may lead to rupture and erosion. In particular, rapid plaque progression [2] , low-attenuation fibro-fatty plaque [3] and microcalcifications [4] have been demonstrated to increase plaque vulnerability and risk of events. Furthermore, statin therapy has been associated with reduced plaque progression, transformation into more stable calcified plaques and reduced risk of events [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional plaque progression in women and men with non-obstructive coronary artery disease

Hondros,

Khan,

Solvik

et al. 2024

IJC Heart & Vasculature

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“…BCP crystal deposition is intimately involved in the inflammatory process in atherogenesis and also plaque repair processes, so much so that the volume of calcification is a standard biomarker of plaque burden [20]. Cholesterol crystals activate the complement and the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulate the plaque inflammatory process [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherogenic Activation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Monosodium Urate Crystals

Liu-Bryan,

Guo,

Lee

et al. 2023

GUCDD

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Gout is strongly associated with atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular comorbidities. Furthermore, sites of extra-articular monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposits in gout can include heart valves and atherosclerotic artery plaques, but with unclear effects therein. Hence, we seminally explored cultured vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) responsiveness to MSU crystals. To limit confounding effects, we cultured human aortic VSMCs under serum-free conditions to assess MSU crystal effects on VSMC differentiation and function, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via RNA sequencing, and selected atherogenic changes in cytokines and the lipidome. MSU crystals induced p38 phosphorylation, IL-6, and VSMC vacuolization with dysregulated autophagy. MSU-crystal-induced DEGs included decreased late-stage autophagosome maturation mediator GABARAPL1, decreased physiologic VSMC differentiation regulators (LMOD1 and SYNPO2), increased ATF4, CHOP, and the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway in response to ER stress, and neointimal atherogenic nuclear receptors (NR4A1 and NR4A3). MSU crystals alone increased the levels of cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates 14-demethyl-lanosterol (14-DML), desmosterol, and zymosterol. Adding MSU crystals increased oxidized LDL’s capacity to increase intracellular 27-OH cholesterol, and MSU crystals and oxidized LDL synergistically induced a marked release of arachidonate. In conclusion, MSU crystals deposited in arterial media and neointima have the potential to dysregulate VSMC differentiation and proteostasis, and to induce further atherogenic effects, which include enhanced VSMC loading of oxidized cholesterol intermediates and release of IL-6 and arachidonic acid (AA).

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Advanced imaging modalities provide new insights into coronary artery calcification

Cited by 4 publications

References 86 publications

Heart rate sensitivity of virtual non-contrast calcium scores derived from photon counting detector CT data: a phantom study

Heart rate sensitivity of virtual non-contrast calcium scores derived from photon counting detector CT data: a phantom study

Compositional plaque progression in women and men with non-obstructive coronary artery disease

Atherogenic Activation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Monosodium Urate Crystals

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