Advanced Instrumentation, Measurement, Control, and Automation (IMCA) in Multistage Flash (MSF) and Reverse‐Osmosis (RO) Water Desalination

Lior, Noam; El-Nashar, Ali M.; Sommariva, Corrado

doi:10.1002/9781118347737.ch6

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The mechanical strength and flexibility of graphitic carbon allows adjusting the operating pressure, which should modify the pore size in order to adjust salt rejection and water flux as needed. Measuring and feeding these data continuously to a control system should allow on-the-fly tuning of operating pressure in response to changing feed water parameters [80]. Pores should open at higher and close at lower pressures, modifying the performance of the membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an All-Carbon Membrane for Water Desalination

Tománek

Kyrylchuk

2019

Phys. Rev. Applied

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We design an all-carbon membrane for the filtration and desalination of water. A unique layered assembly of carbon nanostructures including graphite oxide (GO), buckypaper consisting of carbon nanotubes, and a strong carbon fabric provides high mechanical strength and thermal stability, resilience to harsh chemical cleaning agents and electrical conductivity, thus addressing major shortcomings of commercial reverse osmosis membranes. We use ab initio density functional theory calculations to obtain atomic-level insight into the permeation of water molecules in-between GO layers and across in-layer vacancy defects. Our calculations elucidate the reason for selective rejection of solvated Na + ions in an optimized GO membrane that is structurally stabilized in a sandwich arrangement in-between layers of buckypaper, which are protected on both sides by strong carbon fabric layers. arXiv:1908.02225v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an All-Carbon Membrane for Water Desalination

Tománek

Kyrylchuk

2019

Phys. Rev. Applied

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In reverse osmosis, water is passed through a membrane under pressure. The water passes freely through the membrane while other substances present in the water are retained [14]. Using this method, water can be purified of various (even from monovalent) ions, obtaining water of high quality (by composition close to distilled water).…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev

Azat

Kuldeyev

et al. 2023

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent worldwide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainable Development Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is to promote the use of slow sand filters. This review shows that slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in rural communities not served by a central water supply. Probably, the most important aspect of SSF for developing and less-developed countries is its function as a biological filter. WASH problems mainly relate to the spread of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The surface and shallow groundwater in developing countries around urban areas and settlements are often polluted by domestic wastewater containing these microbes and nutrients. Thus, SSF’s function is to treat raw water in the form of diluted wastewater where high temperature and access to nutrients probably mean a high growth rate of microbes and algae but probably also high predation and high efficiency of the SSF. However, factors that may adversely affect the removal of microbiological constituents are mainly low temperature, high and intermittent flow rates, reduced sand depth, filter immaturity, and various filter amendments. Further research is thus needed in these areas, specifically for developing countries.

show abstract

“…In this method water is purified from unwanted impurities with the help of a reverse osmosis membrane by passing water through the membrane under pressure. The water passes freely through the membrane while other substances present in the water are retained [13]. Using this method water can be purified from various (even from monovalent) ions and obtain water of high quality (by composition close to distilled water).…”

Section: Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Abdiyev¹,

Azat²,

Kuldeyev³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing safe drinking water to people in developing countries is an urgent world-wide water problem and a main issue in the UN Sustainability Goals. One of the most efficient and cheapest methods to attain these goals is the use of slow sand filters. Slow sand filters can efficiently provide safe drinking water to people living in small rural communities not served by central water supply systems. The purpose of this review article is to critically summarize and synthesize features and advantages of slow sand filtration methods to improve the quality of drinking water with special focus on less-developed countries. Even though slow sand filtration is an old technique, its efficiency and cost-effectiveness make it important to continue to develop the method in parallel to other chemical and biological methods. Thus, there are needs to continue to develop methods for slow sand filtration combined with simple disinfection techniques for treatment of microbiological pollutants such as bacteria, microbes, viruses, and parasites. These techniques can be applied before or after the sand filter application. Studies are also needed to investigate other types of porous material in areas where suitable sand and gravel are not readily available. Methods are needed to reduce the contents of emerging environmental pollutants such as surfactants and microplastics. Also, further studies are needed to determine design criteria (particle size distribution, depth of media, residence time, temperature, etc.) for different types of pollutants, existing and emerging. Finally, further research is needed to advise on life cycle time, operation (e.g., batch or continuous flow), and maintenance procedures (cleaning of media, back-flushing, etc.) for used porous media in slow the sand filtration.

show abstract

Advanced Instrumentation, Measurement, Control, and Automation (IMCA) in Multistage Flash (MSF) and Reverse‐Osmosis (RO) Water Desalination

Cited by 6 publications

References 97 publications

Designing an All-Carbon Membrane for Water Desalination

Designing an All-Carbon Membrane for Water Desalination

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Review of Slow Sand Filtration for Raw Water Treatment with Potential Application in Less-Developed Countries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About