Advanced interactive television services require content synchronization

Deventer, M.O. van; Stokking, Hans; Niamut, Omar; Walraven, F.A.; Klos, V.B.

doi:10.1109/iwssip.2008.4604379

Cited by 22 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…As in an M/S Scheme, each receiver can only estimate the playout asynchrony regarding the master destination and, according to the studies in [11], an overall asynchrony of 100 ms can already be perceivable and annoying in some use cases in which IDMS is needed, the value of τ max (maximum allowable asynchrony threshold) was set to 50 ms. This way, the overall playout asynchrony should always be kept below 100 ms, since the worst case would occur when the playout point of two specific receivers are extremely lagged and advanced, respectively, regarding the one of the master destination (without considering possible extreme congestion situations).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…background traffic load, trans-coding or format conversion, fragmentation and re-assembly of packets, dynamic routing strategies, improper queueing policies, etc. ), processing, depacketization, decoding, decryption, buffering, rendering and presentation delays, or packet losses, which can seriously disturb the original media timing at the receiver side, and result in different (and time-variant) end-to-end delays when multicasting one (or several) flows of information from one (or more) media sources to one (or multiple) destinations, possibly over different delivery chains (network architectures, cross-domain On the one hand, the experiments in [11] and [12] showed that delays of up to five seconds can occur in television and Internet/Web technologies when using different types of end-terminals. On the other hand, the studies in those works pointed that the allowable asynchrony levels (i.e.…”

Section: Idms Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation and Evaluation of an M/S Scheme for Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization (IDMS)

Montagud

Boronat

2011

NPA

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Nowadays, the media consumption model is changing from passive isolated activities towards dynamic group shared experiences. People separated in space can already interact and collaborate within the context of simultaneous media content delivery (e.g. they can launch a real time conversation during a shared video watching). However, to stimulate the acceptance and usability of those socially aware interactive media services, synchronous communications (i.e. consistent playout states) across separated locations must be guaranteed. Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization (IDMS) has become a key research topic to enable geographically dispersed consumers to experience a satisfying feeling of togetherness. Several (distributed and centralized) approaches to perform IDMS have been adopted by the research community up to date. In this paper, a Master/Slave (M/S) Control Scheme for IDMS is implemented and tested, thus analyzing its strengths and weaknesses for distributed networked environments. Simulation results prove the effectiveness and suitability of the proposed M/S Scheme in those scenarios in which scalability, consistency, interactivity and low control traffic overhead features must be provided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Idms Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Evaluation of an M/S Scheme for Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization (IDMS)

Montagud

Boronat

2011

NPA

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“…In [Dev08], delay measurements in different content delivery scenarios were performed. A worst-case analysis was made, whose results are in Table 2.1.…”

Section: Magnitudes Of Delays and Delay Differences In Real Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no discussion about tolerable asynchrony thresholds was provided. In [Dev08], it was concluded that the bounds on delay differences between receivers to enable interactive video services may range between 15 and 500 ms, depending on the usage scenario. Moreover, controlled experimental setups have analyzed the effect of de-synchronization on the QoE in Social TV scenarios ([Gee11] and [Mek12]).…”

Section: Human Perception On Delay Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For such interactive sessions, the delay should be kept in limits where it does not impact (conversational) dynamics too much, typically within the order of several hundred milliseconds, as explained in [ITU-T G.1010]. Likewise, the study in [Dev08] categorizes the ranges of asynchrony levels for different interactive TV services between 15 and 500 ms. In that study, it is also stated that asynchrony levels around 100 ms may already be noticeable and annoying in various IDMS use cases.…”

Section: Human Perception On Delay Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design, Development and Evaluation of an Adaptive and Standardized RTP/RTCP-Based Idms Solution

Climent¹

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ii Design, Development and Evaluation of an Adaptive and Standardized RTP/RTCP-based IDMS Solutioniii ABSTRACT Nowadays, we are witnessing a transition from physical togetherness towards networked togetherness around media content. Novel forms of shared media experiences are gaining momentum, allowing geographically distributed users to concurrently consume the same media content while socially interacting (e.g., via text, audio or video chat). Relevant use cases are, for example, Social TV, networked games and multi-party conferencing.However, realizing enjoyable shared media services faces many challenges. In particular, a key technological enabler is the concurrent synchronization of the media playout across multiple locations, which is known as Inter-Destination Multimedia Synchronization (IDMS).This PhD thesis presents an inter-operable, adaptive and accurate IDMS solution, based on extending the capabilities of RTP/RTCP standard protocols (RFC 3550). Concretely, two new RTCP messages for IDMS have been defined to carry out the necessary information to achieve IDMS. Such RTCP extensions have been standardized within the IETF, in RFC 7272. In addition, novel standard-compliant Early Event-Driven (EED) RTCP feedback reporting mechanisms have been also designed to enhance the performance in terms of interactivity, flexibility, dynamism and accuracy when performing IDMS.The designed IDMS solution makes use of globally synchronized clocks (e.g., using NTP) and can adopt different (centralized and distributed) architectural schemes to exchange the RTCP messages for IDMS. This allows efficiently providing IDMS in a variety of networked scenarios and applications, with different requirements (e.g., interactivity, scalability, robustness…) and available resources (e.g., bandwidth, latency, multicast support…). Likewise, various monitoring and control algorithms, such as dynamic strategies for selecting the reference timing to synchronize with, and fault tolerance mechanisms, have been added. Moreover, the proposed IDMS solution includes a novel Adaptive Media Playout (AMP) technique, which aims to smoothly adjust the media playout rate, within perceptually tolerable ranges, every time allowable asynchrony thresholds are exceeded.Prototypes of the IDMS solution have been implemented in both a simulation and in real media framework. The evaluation tests prove the consistent behavior and Mario Montagud Climent iv the satisfactory performance of each one of the designed components (e.g., protocols, architectural schemes, master selection policies, adjustment techniques…). Likewise, comparison results between the different developed alternatives for such components are also provided. In general, the obtained results demonstrate the ability of this RTP/RTCP-based IDMS solution to concurrently and independently maintain an overall synchronization status (within allowable limits) in different logical groups of users, while avoiding annoying playout discontinuities and hardly increasing the computational and traffic load. De...

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