Advanced Low Temperature Combustion (ALTC): Diesel Engine Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions

Henein, Naeim A.; Kastury, A.; Natti, Krishna C.; Bryzik, Walter

doi:10.4271/2008-01-0652

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A more extensive overview on the drawbacks of EDI, along with various approaches to (partially) overcome these, is presented in [1]. [3,4,5,9] − Late direct injection (LDI) involves a relatively late injection, typically from around 10 crank angles before TDC (or later). This late timing is combined with high EGR rates (> 25 wt-%) to prolong the ignition delay.…”

Section: Early Direct Injection Pccimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, NOx is kept low by means of heavy EGR and the aforementioned premixing. Drawbacks of this concept concern the high injection pressure required to keep injection durations short [3], necessary modifications to the combustion chamber, high HC emissions and limited operating range [3,5,9]. When injection is lasting into the expansion stroke, such combustion has been referred to as Modulated Kinetics (MK).…”

Section: Early Direct Injection Pccimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of research effort is being invested to develop new combustion concepts which capture the advantageous efficiency of the CI and low emissions of the SI engine [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. A shared fundamental characteristic of many of these concepts is that a more or less premixed fuel/air charge is brought to auto-ignition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Operating Conditions in the Early Direct Injection Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Regime

Boot

Luijten

Rijk

et al. 2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Early Direct Injection Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (EDI PCCI) is a widely researched combustion concept, which promises soot and CO 2 emission levels of a spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engine, respectively. Application of this concept to a conventional CI engine using a conventional CI fuel faces a number of challenges. First, EDI has the intrinsic risk of wall-wetting, i.e. collision of fuel against the combustion chamber periphery. Second, engine operation in the EDI regime is difficult to control as auto-ignition timing is largely decoupled from fuel injection timing. In dual-mode PCCI engines (i.e. conventional DI at high loads) wall-wetting should be prevented by selecting appropriate (most favorable) operating conditions (EGR level, intake temperature, injection timing-strategy etc.) rather than by redesign of the engine (combustion chamber shape, injector replacement etc.). This paper presents the effects of EGR concentration, intake temperature, intake pressure, injection timing, injection pressure and fuel temperature on engine performance and emission behavior in EDI PCCI mode. In addition, several minor adjustments to the conventional injector nozzle are investigated. Wall-wetting and engine performance are characterized by the measured emissions (smoke and unburned hydrocarbons) and in-cylinder pressure (CA50 and IMEP). The main contribution of this paper is to investigate the cumulative effects on engine performance and emissions, unburnt hydrocarbons (HC) in particular, of various known measures designed to address wallwetting. All experiments have been performed at low load (~ 3-4 bar IMEP) and at an engine speed of 1200 RPM, using a modified 6-cylinder 12.6 liter heavy-duty DI DAF XE 355 C engine. Experiments are conducted in one dedicated cylinder, which is equipped with a stand-alone fuel injection system, EGR circuit and air compressor, fuelled with commercial diesel fuel (EN590). The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.

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Section: Early Direct Injection Pccimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Direct Injection Pccimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Operating Conditions in the Early Direct Injection Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Regime

Boot

Luijten

Rijk

et al. 2009

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increased in-cylinder swirl ratio can reduce soot emission as a consequence of better mixture preparation, with minor effect on NOx emission. But higher swirl ratio increases coolant heat loss and results in a drop in engine efficiency [14]. Lowering compression ratio can reduce soot and improves the soot/NOx trade-off but with an accompanying drop in thermal efficiency [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Defeat of the Soot/NOx Trade-off Using Biodiesel-Ethanol in a Moderate Exhaust Gas Recirculation Premixed Low-Temperature Combustion Mode

Zhu

Bohac²,

Huang

et al. 2013

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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The soot/nitric oxides (NOJ trade-off of diesel, biodiesel, and biodiesel-ethanol in a moderate exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) mode is investigated in this study. Compared to diesel, biodiesel demonstrates poorer spray behavior and shorter ignition delay, but its oxygen content results in less soot. Blending ethanol into biodiesel enhances spray behavior, prolongs ignition delay, and further increases fuel oxygen fraction, resulting in a larger reduction in soot. In the moderate EGR premixed low temperature combustion mode, an obvious soot/NO^. trade-off is demonstrated with diesel fuel. The soot/NO^ trade-off is improved by biodiesel fuel and defeated by the biodiesel-ethanol blend. Low soot, low NO^, and high combustion efficiency are achieved with the biodiesel-ethanol blend and proper EGR rate.

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“…Recently, low temperature combustion (LTC) regime has received a lot of interest (Azimov et al, 2009;Henein et al, 2008;Kimura et al, 2001;Brijesh and Sreedhara, 2013;Fang et al, 2008), its basic concept was to reduce the oxygen concentration and combustion temperature which was below the formation temperatures of both NOx and soot, so as to realize simultaneously reduction of NOx and soot emissions (Alriksson and Denbratt, 2006;Potter and Durrett, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of EGR and split injection strategy for light vehicle diesel low temperature combustion

Yin

Wang

Yang

et al. 2014

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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Low temperature combustion was developed using a four-cylinder light vehicle diesel engine. Operating conditions considered were 1600 rpm, 1bar and 3bar IMEP. Both EGR and split injection strategy were optimized in order to obtain the lowest BSFC accompanied with a low level of emissions. It was found that a late injection strategy with high levels of EGR rate was required for simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot. However, the fuel consumption remains higher than the conventional combustion regime. Thus, the optimization study of injection parameters to improve the trade-off between NOx and soot emissions while maintaining good fuel efficiency was performed. Several injection pressures were tested. The results showed that as injection pressure increased, NOx emissions increased slightly, soot initially decreased sharply, but further increase of injection pressure on soot was not obvious at low temperature atmosphere, and might lead to increased BSFC. Next, split injection strategy was adopted, optimized pilot injection conditions for minimizing fuel consumption were found at late pilot injection timing with big injection quantity, but little amount of pilot injection could make better comprehensive performance of diesel engine. Through multi-parameter collaborative optimization, the emission reduction path was proposed at operating condition of partial load. Low NOx and soot emissions could be obtained with slightly increase of fuel consumption.

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Advanced Low Temperature Combustion (ALTC): Diesel Engine Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Optimization of Operating Conditions in the Early Direct Injection Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Regime

Optimization of Operating Conditions in the Early Direct Injection Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Regime

Defeat of the Soot/NOx Trade-off Using Biodiesel-Ethanol in a Moderate Exhaust Gas Recirculation Premixed Low-Temperature Combustion Mode

Optimization of EGR and split injection strategy for light vehicle diesel low temperature combustion

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