Advanced material characterization techniques for sodium‐ion battery

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries, which are viewed as the alternative candidate for lithium-ion batteries, are now receiving extensive attention in recent years. This is because of the earth's abundance, the widespread sodium resource, and the low cost of battery production. Despite tremendous effort has been made to improve the battery performance of sodium-ion batteries, several serious problems hinder the large-scale practical applications. These problems such as low energy density and efficiency, poor cycle life, and low charge/discharge rate are largely determined by fundamental mechanism issues of electrode materials that are not sufficiently understood yet. Therefore multiple techniques should be used to get an in-depth understanding of material properties.In this review, a comprehensive overview of the material characterization technique is provided and hope it could improve the battery research for all the scientific researchers.

Research Progress and Modification Measures of Anode and Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Transition metal oxides have high requirements for storage conditions and need doping elements to increase specific capacity, which is expressed by NaxMeO 2 , where Me includes transition metal elements such as Mn, Fe, Ni and Co, and x is the stoichiometric number of sodium. [80][81] Metal oxides are easy to synthesize, simple in structure, and have a wide source of raw materials. However, when sodium ions participate in the process of impaction reaction, due to the large ion radius, they will cause the slip of oxygen layer, resulting in irreversible changes in material structure, and affect the cycle performance.…”

“…Transition metal oxides have high requirements for storage conditions and need doping elements to increase specific capacity, which is expressed by NaxMeO 2 , where Me includes transition metal elements such as Mn, Fe, Ni and Co, and x is the stoichiometric number of sodium [80–81] . Metal oxides are easy to synthesize, simple in structure, and have a wide source of raw materials.…”