Advanced Materials for Energy Storage

Abstract

Popularization of portable electronics and electric vehicles worldwide stimulates the development of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, toward higher power density and energy density, which significantly depends upon the advancement of new materials used in these devices. Moreover, energy storage materials play a key role in efficient, clean, and versatile use of energy, and are crucial for the exploitation of renewable energy. Therefore, energy storage materials cover a wide range of materials and have been receiving intensive attention from research and development to industrialization. In this Review, firstly a general introduction is given to several typical energy storage systems, including thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, hydrogen, and electrochemical energy storage. Then the current status of high-performance hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications and electrochemical energy storage materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is introduced in detail. The strategies for developing these advanced energy storage materials, including nanostructuring, nano-/microcombination, hybridization, pore-structure control, configuration design, surface modification, and composition optimization, are discussed. Finally, the future trends and prospects in the development of advanced energy storage materials are highlighted.

Porous AgPd–Pd Composite Nanotubes as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

“…[ 3,[7][8][9] Especially in the fi eld of energy storage and conversion, these 1D porous nanostructures can also form a continuous conductive network and improve the adsorption of and immersion in electrolyte on the surfaces of electroactive materials in order to facilitate the electrode reaction kinetics for high energy density. [10][11][12][13][14] This porous 1D structure will be even more promising for increasing the catalytic activities toward the two key processes in lithium oxygen battery, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) (O 2 + 2Li + + 2e − → Li 2 O 2 ) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (Li 2 O 2 → O 2 + 2Li + + 2e − ) by facilitating rapid O 2 diffusion and electrolyte accessibility, and providing more catalytic reaction sites for deposition of Li 2 O 2 . [15][16][17][18][19][20] More importantly, this 1D nanostructured catalyst may solve many of the inherent catalytic problems associated with stateof-the-art nanoparticulate catalysts.…”

Metal Matrix–Metal Nanoparticle Composites with Tunable Melting Temperature and High Thermal Conductivity for Phase-Change Thermal Storage

“…This results in much higher energy densities than commonly used sensible heat thermal storage systems and in turn leads to both material and space savings. [1][2][3] For instance, the latent heat of ice is equivalent to 80 degrees of sensible heat in water.…”

Toward 3D printed hydrogen storage materials made with ABS‐MOF composites

“…[1] In one scheme for generating H 2 , solar energy is used to convert water into H 2 . Through combustion, this H 2 will produce energy and be converted back into water.…”

“…A number of approaches to H 2 storage have emerged in response to this need. [1] Storing H 2 as a liquid is one option. Unfortunately, liquid hydrogen requires cryogenic temperatures, which are impractical.…”