Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Lithium Metal Anodes

Zhang, Rui; Li, Nianwu; Cheng, Xin‐Bing; Yin, Ya‐Xia; Zhang, Qiang; Guo, Yu‐Guo

doi:10.1002/advs.201600445

Cited by 496 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…35 A very large proportion of Li−S pouch cells fail by the Li metal powdering and electrolyte depletion, which is usually induced by the uncontrolled Li dendrite growth. [36][37][38] In a Li−S battery, the lithium polysulfide (LiPS) intermediates generated in the cathode side can dissolve into the non-aqueous electrolyte, diffuse to the anode, and react with Li metal chemically. 39 The additional LiPSs make the Li metal anode protection in a Li−S battery with much more challenges.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Cheng

Huang

Zhang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Due to the high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 , lithium-sulfur batteries are strongly regarded as the promising nextgeneration energy storage devices. However, the practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries are challenged by several obstacles, including the low sulfur utilization and poor lifespan, which are partly attributed to the shuttle of lithium polysulfides and lithium dendrite growth in working lithium-sulfur batteries. Suppressing lithium dendrite growth is a necessary step not only for a safe and efficient Li metal anode, but also for a high capacity cell with a high Coulombic efficiency. Herein we review the lithium metal anode protection in a polysulfide-rich environment, relative to most reviews on lithium metal anode without considering the effect of lithium polysulfides in lithium metal batteries. Firstly, the importance and dilemma of Li metal anode issues in lithium-sulfur batteries are underscored, aiming to arouse the attentions to Li metal anode protection. Specific attentions are paid to the surface chemistry of Li metal anode in a polysulfide-rich lithium-sulfur battery. Next, the proposed strategies to stabilize solid electrolyte interface and protect Li metal anode are included. Finally, a general conclusion and a perspective on the current limitations, as well as recommended future research directions of Li metal anode in lithium-sulfur batteries are presented. The ever-increasing requirement for efficient and economic energy storage technologies has triggered the continued research into advanced battery systems.1 Lithium ion batteries, based on the lithium intercalation chemistry, have dominated the battery market since their commercial application in the 1990s.2 However, conventional lithium ion batteries are very expensive and their energy densities (theoretically, 350 − 500 Wh kg −1 , practically, 100 − 250 Wh kg −1 ) seem insufficient for long-range electrical vehicles and high-end portable electronics. These emerging demands have energized the evolution of other alternative rechargeable batteries with higher energy density and longer lifespan.3 Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) battery, a 'beyond Li-ion' technology, has drawn extensive attentions due to its high specific capacity (1675 mAh g −1 ) and energy density (2600 Wh kg −1 ). 4-6The greater energy storage ability of Li−S batteries is realized through the phase-transformation electrochemistry based on elemental sulfur cathode and metallic lithium anode [S 8 + 16Li ↔ 8Li 2 S], 7,8 which is fundamentally different from current transition metal-based cathodes and graphite-based anodes in Li-ion batteries.The conversion chemistry in a Li−S cell offers not only significant advantages as mentioned above, but also some critical challenges, such as the low conductivity of sulfur and lithium sulfide, the huge volumetric change from sulfur (71 mol L −1 ) to lithium sulfide (36 mol L −1 ), and the shuttle of long-chain polysulfide intermediates during discharge/charge cycling.9-12 Therefore, a composite cathode with sulfur in ...

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confidence: 99%

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Cheng

Huang

Zhang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[2,26] The merits of this design can be summarized as follows: 1) a 3D intercommunicating skeleton can be obtained when PVP is carbonized at high temperatures, which enables rapid electron transfer and ion transport during lithium nucleation; 2) the uniform distribution of superlithiophilic TiO 2 and SiO 2 hybrid guides deposition of Li throughout the entire porous 3D core-shell fiber skeleton during ultrafast lithium plating and stripping, which prevents lithium from depositing on the surface of the electrode, and eliminates the formation of lithium dendrites; and 3) enhanced mechanical properties are obtained due to the physically interconnected electrospun fiber network, endowing the electrode with a strong resistance to volumetric expansion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2,[6][7][8][9][10][11] However, even with the aid of these interfacial layers, uniform deposition is difficult as it is dependent on a plethora of external factors including ion diffusion, screw dislocation of atoms, and the morphology of the electrode surface. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This specific technique offers several advantages: [26] 1) the porous structure reduces the local current density and ensures sufficient Li ion flux; 2) the porous 3D skeleton accommodates the volumetric change of the Li anode during the plating and stripping progress; 3) Li is deposited on the interior of the 3D matrices, but not directly on the surface of the electrode, thus prohibiting dendrite growth. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This specific technique offers several advantages: [26] 1) the porous structure reduces the local current density and ensures sufficient Li ion flux; 2) the porous 3D skeleton accommodates the volumetric change of the Li anode during the plating and stripping progress; 3) Li is deposited on the interior of the 3D matrices, but not directly on the surface of the electrode, thus prohibiting dendrite growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superlithiophilic Amorphous SiO₂–TiO₂ Distributed into Porous Carbon Skeleton Enabling Uniform Lithium Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

et al. 2019

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Lithium (Li) metal anodes have garnered increasing interest in recent years as its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential promises a myriad of opportunities for various applications. However, one critical issue to overcome is the inhomogeneous deposition of Li+ during the plating and stripping process. This inhomogeneous deposition could result in uncontrollable dendrite growth, further leading to poor coulombic efficiency, shorter lifecycles, and safety concerns due to internal short circuit and thermal runaways. To address these issues, a 3D porous core–shell fiber scaffold is presented, comprising of well‐dispersed SiO2, TiO2, and carbon, as superlithiophilic host materials for lithium anodes. The amorphous SiO2 and TiO2 allow for controllable nucleation and deposition of metal Li inside the porous core–shell fiber even at ultrahigh current densities of 10 mA cm−2. In addition, the interconnected conductive fiber with high porosity enables good electrical conductivity with fast ion transport and excellent mechanical strength to withstand massive Li loading during repeated cycles of stripping and plating. As a result, excellent cycling performance and high rate capability are observed in both symmetric cells and full cells, highlighting the feasibility of the proposed Li anode composite.

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“…In terms of anode materials for lithium batteries, metallic lithium possesses both a high theoretical specific capacity reaching 3860 mAh g −1 and a low electrochemical potential of − 3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode [22,[28][29][30]. These advantages make lithium metal one of the most attractive candidates for the anode materials of next-generation high-energy density lithium batteries such as Li-S batteries and lithium air batteries [28,[31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionality of Carbon-based Frameworks in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Tang

Hou

2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

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Compared with conventional lithium ion batteries (LIBs), lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries possess advantages such as higher theoretical energy densities and better cost efficiencies, making them promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, the commercialization of Li-S batteries is impeded by several drawbacks, including low cycling stabilities, limited sulfur utilizations, existing shuttle effects of polysulfide intermediates, serious safety concerns, as well as inferior cycling performances of lithium metal anodes. To address these issues, researchers have achieved rapid developments for sulfur cathodes and increased their attention to lithium metal anodes to facilitate the widespread application of Li-S batteries. And among the substrate materials for electrodes in Li-S batteries being developed, carbon-based materials have been especially promising because of their multifunctionality, demonstrating great potential for application in advanced energy storage and conversion systems. In this review, recent advancements of carbon-based frameworks applied to Li-S batteries will be summarized and diverse utilization methods of these carbon-based materials for both sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anodes will be provided. Future research directions and the prospects of Li-S batteries with high performance and practicability will also be discussed. Keywords

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Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Lithium Metal Anodes

Cited by 496 publications

References 110 publications

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Superlithiophilic Amorphous SiO₂–TiO₂ Distributed into Porous Carbon Skeleton Enabling Uniform Lithium Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

Multifunctionality of Carbon-based Frameworks in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

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Advanced Micro/Nanostructures for Lithium Metal Anodes

Cited by 496 publications

References 110 publications

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Review—Li Metal Anode in Working Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Superlithiophilic Amorphous SiO2–TiO2 Distributed into Porous Carbon Skeleton Enabling Uniform Lithium Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries

Multifunctionality of Carbon-based Frameworks in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

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Superlithiophilic Amorphous SiO₂–TiO₂ Distributed into Porous Carbon Skeleton Enabling Uniform Lithium Deposition for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries