Advanced Micro-XRF Method to Separate Sedimentary Rhythms and Event Layers in Sediments: Its Application to Lacustrine Sediment from Lake Suigetsu, Japan

Katsuta, Nagayoshi; Takano, Masao; Kawakami, Shin‐ichi; Togami, Shoji; Fukusawa, Hitoshi; Kumazawa, Mineo; Yasuda, Yoshinori

doi:10.1007/s10933-006-9028-3

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Some techniques are destructive, others are not (Gehrels et al, 2008). They include ground penetrating radar (Lowe, 1985), magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetisation (Hodgson et al, 1998;Takemura et al, 2000;Carter et al, 2002;Rasmussen et al, 2003;de Fontaine et al, 2007;Gomez et al, 2007;Venuti and Verosub, 2010), X-radiography (Lowe, 1988b;Turner et al, 2008b;Marshall et al, 2010), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Hogg and McCraw, 1983;Gehrels et al, 2008) including XRF-based core scanning (Vogel et al, 2009;Révillon et al, 2010), and scanning Xray analytical microscopy (Katsuta et al, 2007). Further techniques include spectrophotometry (reflectance, luminescence) (Caseldine et al, 1999;Gehrels et al, 2008), high-resolution micropetrography (de Vleeschouwer et al, 2008), high-resolution trace-element analysis by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) (Lim et al, 2008), and measurements of particle size distribution, total organic carbon, and loss-on-ignition (Gehrels et al, 2006(Gehrels et al, , 2008Payne and Gehrels, 2010;Pyne-O"Donnell, in press).…”

Section: Cryptotephrasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pb and 137 Cs (e.g., Hodgson et al, 1998;Newnham et al, 1998a;Boer et al, 2006;Daga et al, 2008), and varved sequences (e.g., Stihler et al, 1992;Zillén et al, 2002;Katsuta et al, 2007), are also used to provide chronologies for younger sections of sediment cores containing tephras. Dendrochronology (usually in combination with wigglematching) is additionally important for tephrochronometry where circumstances are favourable (Druce, 1966;Hogg et al, 2003Hogg et al, , 2009Sheppard et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

649

535

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Tephrochronology (from tephra, Gk "ashes") is a unique stratigraphic method for linking, dating, and synchronizing geological, palaeoenvironmental, or archaeological sequences or events. As well as utilizing the Law of Superposition, tephrochronology in practise requires tephra deposits to be characterized (or "fingerprinted") using physical properties evident in the field together with those obtained from laboratory analyses. Such analyses include mineralogical examination (petrography) or geochemical analysis of glass shards or crystals using an electron microprobe or other analytical tools including laser-ablation-based mass spectrometry or the ion microprobe. The palaeoenvironmental or archaeological context in which a tephra occurs may also be useful for correlational purposes. Tephrochronology provides greatest utility when a numerical age obtained for a tephra or cryptotephra is transferrable from one site to another using stratigraphy and by comparing and matching inherent compositional features of the deposits with a high degree of likelihood. Used this way, tephrochronology is an age-equivalent dating method that provides an exceptionally precise volcanic-event stratigraphy. Such age transfers are valid because the primary tephra deposits from an eruption essentially have the same short-lived age everywhere they occur, forming isochrons very soon after the eruption (normally within a year).As well as providing isochrons for palaeoenvironmental and archaeological reconstructions, tephras through their geochemical analysis allow insight into volcanic and magmatic processes, and provide a comprehensive record of explosive volcanism and recurrence rates in the Quaternary (or earlier) that can be used to establish time-space relationships of relevance to volcanic hazard analysis.The basis and application of tephrochronology as a central stratigraphic and geochronological tool for Quaternary studies are presented and discussed in this review. Topics covered include principles of tephrochronology, defining isochrons, tephra nomenclature, mapping and correlating tephras from proximal to distal locations at metre-through to sub-3 millimetre-scale, cryptotephras, mineralogical and geochemical fingerprinting methods, numerical and statistical correlation techniques, and developments and applications in dating including the use of flexible depositional age-modelling techniques based on Bayesian statistics.Along with reference to wide-ranging examples and the identification of important recent advances in tephrochronology, such as the development of new geoanalytical approaches that enable individual small glass shards to be analysed near-routinely for major, trace, and rare-earth elements, potential problems such as miscorrelation, erroneous-age transfer, and tephra reworking and taphonomy (especially relating to cryptotephras) are also examined. Some of the challenges for future tephrochronological studies include refining geochemical analytical methods further, improving understanding of cryptotephra dis...

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Section: Cryptotephrasmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephrochronology and its application: A review

Lowe

2011

Quaternary Geochronology

649

535

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“…The characteristic X-ray of each element in a sample is analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). SXAMs have been utilized for analyses of major and trace elements in a wide range of geological materials, including compositional banding in sediments and sedimentary rocks (Koshikawa et al, 2003;Kido et al, 2006;Böning et al, 2007;Katsuta et al, 2007aKatsuta et al, , 2007bYoshida et al, 2007;Baioumy et al, 2011), in igneous rocks (Michibayashi et al, 1999(Michibayashi et al, , 2002Yoshida et al, 2009;Harigane and Michibayashi, 2012), in metasediments (Katsuta et al, 2012), and in weathering and alteration rinds (Kuriyama et al, 2006;Nishimoto and Yoshida, 2010). These studies have successfully imaged the compositional gradients at centimeter scales (e.g., Kuriyama et al, 2006) and identified spatial distributions of minerals (e.g., Togami et al, 2000;Michibayashi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter– to decimeter–scale compositional mapping using a scanning X–ray analytical microscope and its application to a reaction zone in high–grade metamorphic rock

Uno

Okamoto

Tsuchiya

2014

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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A new method for quantitatively joining compositional maps measured by a scanning X-ray analytical microscope (SXAM) to visualize a larger scale element distribution (i.e., a joined element map) is proposed, and applied to the analysis of a 25-cm-long sample across a reaction zone from high-grade metamorphic rock. The method involves the in situ measurement of a standard material during a sample scan, which enables correction of the different sensitivities of multiple maps. The appropriate background intensity correction, spectrum processing, and X-ray intensity correction proposed in this study enable the production of a semiquantitative element map at a decimeter scale with relatively high resolution (~0.1 mm). The one-dimensional quantitative transect across the reaction zone has high resolution as well as high precision (e.g., relative standard deviation of <2% for Fe). The transect shows both a sharp boundary controlled by phase stability (as well as a millimeterscale gradual reaction boundary) and a decimeter-scale gradual compositional gradient simultaneously, and these features are difficult to identify using conventional methods (i.e., electron probe microanalyzer, X-ray fluorescence analysis, or SXAM with prior data processing). These compositional gradients, which range from submillimeter to decimeters in length, provide a key to understanding the formation mechanisms of rock and/or mineral reaction zones.

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“…This technique has been used recently to determine the distribution of major and trace elements in Quaternary sediments and Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks for characterising the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental signals [e.g. [11][12][13][14][15]. It has also been used in the analysis of BIF bandings [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%