Advanced Oxidation Processes Based on Sulfate Radicals for Wastewater Treatment: Research Trends

Abstract

In this work, the recent trends in the application of the sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) for the treatment of wastewater polluted with emerging contaminants (ECs) and pathogenic load were systematically studied due to the high oxidizing power ascribed to these technologies. Additionally, because of the economic benefits and the synergies presented in terms of efficiency in ECs degradation and pathogen inactivation, the combination of the referred to AOPs and conventional treatments, including biological processes, was covered. Finally, the barriers and limitations related to the implementation of SR-AOPs were described, highlighting the still scarce full-scale implementation and the high operating-costs associated, especially when solar energy cannot be used in the oxidation systems.

Visible Light–Driven Advanced Oxidation Processes to Remove Emerging Contaminants from Water and Wastewater: a Review

“…As explained by Ao et al ( 2018 ) and Xia et al ( 2020 ), under pH < 7, the predominant radicals are , whereas above pH > 7, sulfate radicals are converted to –OH radicals by reacting with . At pH = 11, Urán-Duque et al ( 2021 ) observed a significant inhibition of the degradation process. Han et al ( 2020 a ) also used BiFeO 3 microsphere–activated (BFO) PMS to degrade diclofenac.…”

Sulfate Radical-Based Degradation of Organic Pollutants: A Review on Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks as Catalysts

“…The presence of metal ions like Fe­(II), Ag­(II), and Co­(II) in their reduced form can lead to other oxidation pathways . Reports are also available on sulfate radical-based oxidation paired with other AOPs, which have enhanced oxidation potential and increase the applicability to degrade a wide range of organic pollutants. , Figure summarizes the mechanisms involved in the degradation of organic pollutants by MOF-based SR-AOPs.…”