Advanced personal comfort system (APCS) for the workplace: A review and case study

Shahzad, Sally; Calautit, John Kaiser; Calautit, Katrina; Hughes, Ben Richard; Aquino, Angelo I.

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.02.008

Cited by 64 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Psychologists prefer statistical votes in different scales via questionnaire to evaluate the thermal comfort, such as thermal comfort vote, thermal sensation vote, thermoreception vote, thermal preference vote, etc. [5,11,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] The most widely adopted measurement of thermal comfort is the seven-point scale of thermal sensation proposed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), in which the neutral sensation is regarded as the comfort status at different thermal environments. [52] Thermal sensation relates to not only the existence of cold or hot stimuli from the environment, but also the lasting time of the stimuli and the individual's original physiological and psychological states.…”

Section: Basic Concept Of Thermal Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Liu

Shin

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

407

242

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us warm in cold climates and shielded us from the nakedness for modesty and civilization. [1,2] Cloth is also a platform for artists, designers, and tailors to advance the clothing demands with emerging materials, process, and fashion. [2] While the majority of the functionalities of clothes lie in their physical attributes, such as their softness, breathability, air/ vapor permeability, and, of course the appearance, their role in thermal management is equally, if not more, important. The primary goal of clothing is to satisfy human being's basic needs in thermal comfort, by providing cooling in the hot environment or heating in the cold environment. [1] The energy management aspect of clothing is becoming an increasingly important and attractive aspect due to our increasing awareness to energy consumption and our persisting pursuit of comfort and health. The finite availability and the associated environmental consequence of fossil fuels have motivated us to save energy from virtually all aspects of our daily lives. A suitable thermal envelop is a necessity for our living and working. To create a comfortable indoor environment, the building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used for space cooling and heating at the expense of excessive energy consumption. [3][4][5][6] According to United States In this decade, the demands of energy saving and diverse personal thermoregulation requirements along with the emergence of wearable electronics and smart textiles give rise to the resurgence of personal thermal management (PTM) technologies. PTM, including personal cooling, heating, insulation, and thermoregulation, are far more flexible and extensive than the traditional air/liquid cooling garments for the human body. Concomitantly, many new advanced materials and strategies have emerged in this decade, promoting the thermoregulation performance and the wearing comfort of PTM simultaneously. In this review, an overview is presented of the state-ofthe-art and the prospects in this burgeoning field. The emerging materials and strategies of PTM are introduced, and classed by their thermal functions. The concept of infrared-transparent visible-opaque fabric (ITVOF) is first highlighted, as it triggers the work on advanced PTM by combining it with radiative cooling, and the corresponding implementations and realizations are subsequently introduced, followed by wearable heaters, flexible thermoelectric devices, and sweat-management Janus textiles. Finally, critical considerations on the challenges and opportunities of PTM are presented and future directions are identified, including thermally conductive polymers and fibers, physiological/psychological statistical analysis, and smart PTM strategies.

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Section: Basic Concept Of Thermal Comfortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Liu

Shin

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

407

242

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Validation of the BES modeling method has been carried out in our previous works. 52,53 The case study building was modeled with several features of the buildings simplified and surrounding buildings and vegetation not taken into account. Several areas of the building were and set as different thermal zones with different operation profiles in the BES tool.…”

Section: Energy Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of deep learning‐based equipment heat load detection for energy demand estimation and investigation of the impact of illumination

Wei

Calautit

2020

Int J Energy Res

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As the use of equipment in office buildings increases, accurate equipment usage detection is valuable for the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emission. Using the collected equipment usage information, building energy management system (BEMS) can automatically adjust the operation of heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC) systems to meet the actual demands in different conditioned spaces in real time. Previous studies highlighted that the use of conventional control strategies in office buildings such as "static" operation schedules could cause large energy waste in particular during unoccupied hours. Common equipment load detection techniques, such as power meters and survey, are unable to provide comprehensive (location, count and heat emission) and real-time equipment information necessary for demand-driven strategies. Based on a deep learning-based equipment load detection approach which employs artificial intelligence-enabled cameras, the detection performance of the proposed approach is likely going to be affected by environmental conditions, such as the positions of cameras and lighting level, within the monitored spaces. Improper detection conditions can result in incorrect detection and lead to inaccurate building energy demand estimation. This paper aims to investigate the influences of illumination conditions on the detection accuracy of the vision-based equipment load detection approach. The work will be using AI cameras to detect equipment information under different lighting levels, employing deep learning method to analyse and generate the real-time equipment usage profiles for offices which can be inputted to the BEMS to increase the efficiency of HVAC systems. The results showed that as compared with the conventionally-scheduled HVAC systems, the HVAC system with the use of equipment usage profiles conducted by the proposed approach can achieve up to 15% reduction of energy consumption. The finding indicates that adequate illumination level contributes to the decrease of building energy demand by achieving an effective deep learning approach.

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“…59 In recent years, several concepts were introduced for micro-environment control. [60][61][62] The performance of an individually controlled system could be, for example, comprised of a convection-heated chair, an underdesk radiant heating panel, a floor radiant heating panel, an under-desk air terminal device supplying cool air and a desk-mounted personalized ventilation, used for cooling and heating effects at different room temperatures. 63 Also some other strategies to create micro-environment conditions were presented by, for example, Shao et al 64 who proposed a multi-mode ventilation by a combination of several single airflow patterns to meet multiple demand scenarios including variable locations of occupants and indoor sources.…”

Section: Therefore Novelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental comparison of local low velocity unit combined with radiant panel and diffuse ceiling ventilation systems

Zhao

Kilpeläinen

Kosonen

et al. 2020

Indoor and Built Environment

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In this study, the performance of a micro-environment system was analysed and compared with diffused ceiling ventilation. In the analysed micro-environment low velocity radiant panel system, two low velocity units and radiant panels were installed above workstations to supply directly clean air to occupants and to cover the cooling power required. With diffused ceiling ventilation, all cooling demand is covered with air and thus, the airflow rate required is higher than with low velocity radiant panel system. The varied heat gain from 40 to 80 W/m2 consists of two seated dummies, laptops, monitors and simulated solar gain. The results show that with perimeter exhaust and local supply air, 8–13% reduction of the total cooling load required is possible, in comparison to the standard mixing systems. The average exhaust temperature was 0.7–1.9°C higher than average room air temperature at the workstation. Moreover, the mean air temperature with the low velocity radiant panel system at the occupied zone was 0.6°C lower than with diffused ceiling ventilation. With low velocity radiant panel system, the air velocity was less than 0.12 m/s in the occupied zone. Also, the draught rate was less than 10%. Furthermore, the air change efficiency with the low velocity radiant panel system was over 70% which is better than 44–49% efficiency with diffused ceiling ventilation.

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Advanced personal comfort system (APCS) for the workplace: A review and case study

Cited by 64 publications

References 33 publications

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Emerging Materials and Strategies for Personal Thermal Management

Development of deep learning‐based equipment heat load detection for energy demand estimation and investigation of the impact of illumination

Experimental comparison of local low velocity unit combined with radiant panel and diffuse ceiling ventilation systems

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