2018
DOI: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180605.14
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Advanced Physics of Thermoelectric Generators and Photovoltaic Cells

Abstract: The measured efficiencies of modern photovoltaic solar cells that exceed the limit determined by Shockley and Queisser indicate a need for advanced physics to solve such conflict. Similarly, the duality confusion represents another conflict that acquires new physics. Such conflicts and confusions were recently solved by using an innovative definition of the nature of electric current as electromagnetic waves of electric potential. This definition was used to find also plausible physical explanation of the resu… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…As the thermocouple junction pairs are placed in series between a source of heat at high temperature "T h " and a heat sink at low temperature T l ,as shown in Figure 11, then the output voltage can be estimated as tsum of the gained electric potentials during the flow of the electromagnetic waves of thermal potentials in a unique direction across the successive junctions. So, their thermal potentials, (T h -T l ), will be converted by the Seebeck effect into electric potentials which will be accumulated in as the sum of the unit potential [51]. So, it is possible to estimate the total gain of electric potentials as the sum of these individual gains at successive junctions as follows:…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As the thermocouple junction pairs are placed in series between a source of heat at high temperature "T h " and a heat sink at low temperature T l ,as shown in Figure 11, then the output voltage can be estimated as tsum of the gained electric potentials during the flow of the electromagnetic waves of thermal potentials in a unique direction across the successive junctions. So, their thermal potentials, (T h -T l ), will be converted by the Seebeck effect into electric potentials which will be accumulated in as the sum of the unit potential [51]. So, it is possible to estimate the total gain of electric potentials as the sum of these individual gains at successive junctions as follows:…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A thermopile made of thermocouple junction-pairs of two metals connected electrically in series to increase generated EMF [51].…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…T T , will be converted by the Seebeck effect into electric potentials which will be accumulated as the sum of the separate potentials [29]. So, it is possible to estimate the total electric potential as the sum of these individual gains at successive junctions as follows [29]:…”
Section: T T T ∆ = −mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A thermopile made of thermocouple junction pairs of two metals connected electrically in series to increase the generated E.M.F. Successive conversions of the thermal potentials into electric potentials through the successive junctions leads to accumulation of the electric potentials and decease the error of temperature difference by the thermopiles [29].…”
Section: Generation Of the Inverse Impulses And Its Action Potentialmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By the innovative definition of electric current as flow of electromagnetic waves of electric potential, it was possible to define the PV effect as the conversion of the incident radiation or heat into electric current when crossing junctions of materials of different Seebeck coefficients or of different charge carriers [38]. Such definition is verified in all thermoelectric devices as thermocouples or thermopiles, thermoelectric generators, and photovoltaic cells [39]. In case of photovoltaic cells, the incident heat passes through a junction separating a layer of higher number of electrons, n -type side, and a layer of higher number of holes, p-type side, Fig.…”
Section: Nature Of the Nerve Impulsesmentioning
confidence: 99%