Advanced Treatment of the Antibiotic Production Wastewater by Ozone/Zero‐Valent Iron Process

Abstract

In this study, ozone/zero‐valent iron (ZVI) process is investigated to treat the refractory noxious antibiotic production wastewater. Effects of reaction conditions such as initial pH (2.5–8), ozone flow rate (0–0.5 L min−1), Fe0 dosage (0–7 g L−1), stirring speed (0–400 rpm), temperature (8–80 °C), and reaction time (0–60 min) on biochemical oxygen demand after five days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal are studied, respectively. The results showed that high COD removal (79.9%) and BOD5/COD ratio (0.36) are obtained under the optimal conditions (initial pH 2.5, Fe0 dosage = 60 g L−1, ozone flow rate = 0.25 L min−1, reaction temperature = 30 °C, stirring speed = 300 rpm, reaction time = 60 min). The results indicate that refractory noxious compositions can be transferred and decomposed by the ozone/ZVI process dramatically. In addition, three control experiments (i.e., air/ZVI process, ZVI process, and ozone process) are performed to confirm the superiority of the ozone/ZVI process. Moreover, the degradation process is analyzed by UV–vis, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and excitation‐emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopies. Therefore, the ozone/ZVI process is a potential and effective method for the advanced treatment of antibiotic production wastewater.

Recent developments in synthesis of attapulgite composite materials for refractory organic wastewater treatment: a review

“…21,22 A range of techniques has been explored for their removal, including adsorption, 23,24 biological treatment processes, [25][26][27] membrane separation, 28,29 catalysis, 30,31 and advanced oxidation processes. 32,33 Notably, catalytic oxidation processes have made considerable progress in treating refractory organics. These processes encompass photocatalytic oxidation, 23 catalytic wet air oxidation, 31 electro-catalysis, 21,34,35 Fenton catalysis, [36][37][38][39][40] semiconductor catalysis, and heterogeneous catalysis.…”

Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Using Heterostructured Cu2O–TiO2Nanotubes, Kinetics, and Toxicity Evaluation of Degraded Products on Cell Lines

“…For example, secondary pollution, use of harmful chemicals, and high-cost inputs were the limitations of ozonation and Fenton-based degradation and the electrochemical oxidation method of degradation. 24 − 31 …”

“…Chemical methods include photo-Fenton, ozonation, photolysis, and semiconductor-based photocatalysis explored for the degradation and removal of antibiotics, but every method had its limitations. For example, secondary pollution, use of harmful chemicals, and high-cost inputs were the limitations of ozonation and Fenton-based degradation and the electrochemical oxidation method of degradation. − …”

Removal of norfloxacin by combining persulfate with nano zero-valent iron modified by activated carbon and copper nanocomposite

“…For instance, Vlissides A.G [23] used an electrochemical oxidation system to treat textile dye wastewater, and after 18 min of electrolysis at 0.89 A/cm 2 , the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) can reach 86.00% and 71.00%. Ji Y et al [24] took the ozone oxidation process to fix a water system containing pharmaceutical wastewater, and the results show that the removal efficiency of COD is 79.90% and within 60 min. Compare with these above AOPs, a chemical activator as the reagent to activating AOPs system for generating free radicals (•SO 4 -, •OH, •H and Cl•) has advantages of low-cost and high-efficiency.…”