Advanced Vaccine Design Strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Variants

Zhang, Jianzhong; Xia, Yutian; Liu, Xuan; Liu, Gang

doi:10.3390/bioengineering10020148

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 142 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Immunisation is one of the leading cost-effective public health interventions, saving at least two to three million lives each year [1][2][3]. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces a disproportionately high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases which cause over 2.4 million deaths among children annually due to limited access to life-saving vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Other included get vaccines from a health centre IV due to lack of functional fridge; In a quarter we receive vaccines two times; Picks from another facility when there's a need; Picks from another health facility At baseline, the health facility in-charges (52.63%) and/or EPI focal persons (52.63%) were involved in vaccine pick-up. However, we note unqualified persons (26.3%) picking vaccines such as motorcycle riders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Improving the last mile delivery of vaccines through an informed push model: experiences, opportunities and costs based on an implementation study in a rural district in Uganda

Bakkabulindi,

Wafula,

Ssebagereka

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMany developing countries struggle to attain equitable, timely and efficient availability of potent vaccines at the health facility level. In Uganda, several challenges prevent the reliable distribution of vaccines from the district vaccine store to the health facility level (last mile). The currently practiced mixed push and pull system mode of vaccine delivery is unpredictable, unreliable, and often presents issues of poor vaccine management, vaccine stock-outs and missed opportunities for vaccination.The overall aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of the last mile delivery of vaccines by implementing an informed push model of vaccine delivery. Specifically, the study aimed to; improve vaccine lead time; standardise cold chain management practices during vaccine transportation; and cost the implementation of the informed push model.MethodsMixed-methods approach to evaluate the impact of the informed push model on the last mile delivery of vaccines in Gomba district, Uganda was used. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected at baseline and endline. Quantitative data was collected on the mode, frequency, lead time and costs of vaccine delivery; vaccine stock status, and cold chain maintenance of vaccines during transportation using semi-structured interview survey, while the experiences and challenges were explored qualitatively using a guide. Analysis of quantitative data used descriptive statistics and that of costing data used an ingredients approach. Qualitative data using was analysed using a thematic framework.ResultsThe findings showed that the informed push system improved the efficiency and quality of vaccine delivery at the last mile in Gomba district. The average lead time of vaccine delivery was reduced from 14 days at baseline to 5 days by endline. The number of health facilities reporting timely receipt of vaccines increased from 36.8% at baseline to 100% by endline. Facilities reporting temperature monitoring of vaccines during transit improved from 26.3% at baseline to 100% by endline. Number of health facilities experiencing stock outs reduced from 79% at baseline to 36.8% by endline. The monthly costs incurred by health facilities in vaccine pick up at baseline were $ 170.8. The monthly costs for the informed push model were $445.9 ($ 0.06 per child reached) and more two and half times more than baseline costs of $170.8 incurred by health facilities during pick-up of vaccines from the district vaccine store.ConclusionThe study concluded that informed push model is a financially feasible strategy that could be efficient in improving the vaccine supply chain at the last mile by reducing lead time delivery of vaccines, improving vaccine cold chain management, reducing vaccine stock outs. We recommend the integration of this model into the national immunization program and its subsequent adoption by all districts in Uganda.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Improving the last mile delivery of vaccines through an informed push model: experiences, opportunities and costs based on an implementation study in a rural district in Uganda

Bakkabulindi,

Wafula,

Ssebagereka

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An ideal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine should elicit broad, potent, and long–lasting immunity to prevent virus replication in the nasopharynx, shedding, and transmission. Various vaccine approaches have been successfully used to combat the pandemic, and new innovative strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants are under active development [ 3 ]. Among them, recombinant adenoviruses (AdVs) are a promising platform for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development due to their mature manufacturing process, high gene–transfer potential, and immunogenicity [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Inhalation of Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vectors (ChAd68) Expressing Ancestral or Omicron BA.1 Stabilized Pre–Fusion Spike Glycoproteins Protects Non–Human Primates against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Wang,

Qin,

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current COVID-19 vaccines are effective countermeasures to control the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic by inducing systemic immune responses through intramuscular injection. However, respiratory mucosal immunization will be needed to elicit local sterilizing immunity to prevent virus replication in the nasopharynx, shedding, and transmission. In this study, we first compared the immunoprotective ability of a chimpanzee replication–deficient adenovirus–vectored COVID-19 vaccine expressing a stabilized pre–fusion spike glycoprotein from the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain Wuhan–Hu–1 (BV-AdCoV-1) administered through either aerosol inhalation, intranasal spray, or intramuscular injection in cynomolgus monkeys and rhesus macaques. Compared with intranasal administration, aerosol inhalation of BV-AdCoV-1 elicited stronger humoral and mucosal immunity that conferred excellent protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. Importantly, aerosol inhalation induced immunity comparable to that obtained by intramuscular injection, although at a significantly lower dose. Furthermore, to address the problem of immune escape variants, we evaluated the merits of heterologous boosting with an adenovirus–based Omicron BA.1 vaccine (C68–COA04). Boosting rhesus macaques vaccinated with two doses of BV-AdCoV-1 with either the homologous or the heterologous C68–COA04 vector resulted in cross–neutralizing immunity against WT, Delta, and Omicron subvariants, including BA.4/5 stronger than that obtained by administering a bivalent BV-AdCoV-1/C68–COA04 vaccine. These results demonstrate that the administration of BV-AdCoV-1 or C68–COA04 via aerosol inhalation is a promising approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission and curtail the pandemic spread.

show abstract

“…Scientists have used advanced computational models and artificial intelligence to accelerate the development of vaccines in a record time. In [21],…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%