Advancement in the Production and Applications of Conductive Polymers (CPs)

Abstract

Conductive polymers are a class of engineering materials which possess remarkably reversible redox property and atypical combination of characteristics of plastics and metals. The potential usefulness of conductive polymers has grown exceedingly in the technological field such as telecommunication, electronics, storage systems and protective devices. The prospective of conductive polymers has further deepened the interest of researchers for their applications in several areas. Some of the popular types of conductive polymers are polythiophene, polyindole, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polyphenyl vinylene, polyaniline, Poly (3,4ethylenedioxythiophene), which are produced via redox and chemical (CM) or electrochemical (ECM) oxidation processes. Polymers are doped to introduce charge carriers known as polarons and bipolarons into them, to make them conductive. Conductive polymers have limitations such as a poor mechanical characteristic or poor flexibility, low process-ability and poor biocompatibility, which have made researchers investigate different chemical modification methods. Conductive polymers have potential applications in the field of supercapacitors, solar cells, biosensors, chemical sensors and actuators, tissue engineering, e.t.c. This article has attempted to provide an up to date review on different aspects of conductive polymers such as production, doping, applications and conductivity of selected conductive polymers.

The Current State of Research in the Field of Obtaining Semiconductor Materials and Prospects for Development

“…The polymerization process on the electrodes proceeds as follows: when the potential sufficient for oxidation is reached, electrons are separated from the monomer molecule, which leads to the formation of a positive charge on the sulfur atom. The resulting cation is highly reactive and therefore interacts with a neutral molecule or other similar radical [55][56].…”

Wearable Nano-Based Gas Sensors for Environmental Monitoring and Encountered Challenges in Optimization

“…These properties are a result of the polymer backbone [47]. As a result of their outstanding chemical and environmental stability, biocompatibility, and unique optical and electrical properties, CPs have attracted considerable attention in a wide range of scientific domains, such as chemistry, biology, electronics, and materials science [48].…”

Construction Building Materials as a Potential for Structural Supercapacitor Applications

“…Polymers generally find their applications as a building material in polymer concrete (a binding material used to enhance certain properties of concrete), superplasticizers (to modify the workability of concrete without additional water), polymer aggregates, polymer composites to strengthen the concrete structures and impart certain desirable properties in the concrete, such as conductive concrete, etc. As the electrode material in the supercapacitor requires high conductivity, the conductive concrete using high conductive polymers, such as polypyrole, poly (3,4‐ ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline, and polyacetylene, [86] etc., can be used as an electrode in supercapacitor applications.…”