Advancement of Nitrogen Fertilization on Tropical Environmental

Abstract

The nitrogen (N) fertilization synthetic or biological is primordial for food production worldwide. The consumption of N fertilizers in agricultural systems increased in exponential scale, mainly in developing countries. However, some negative points are associated to industrial N consumption; consequently the industry promoted ways to minimize N losses in production systems of tropical agriculture. Biological nitrogen fixation is a very important natural and sustainable process for the growth of leguminous plants, in which many micronutrients are involved, mainly as enzyme activators or prosthetic group. However, other mechanisms in the rhizosphere and molecular region still need to be clarified. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to compile information about the historical and current affairs about the advances in N fertilization in tropical environments through a history from N fertilization worldwide, N balance in the main agricultural systems, introduction of alternative ways to avoid N losses, advances between BNF and micronutrients, as well as the effects of N absence in plant metabolisms. Biological nitrogen fixation is a very important natural process for the growth of leguminous plants, in addition many metallic nutrients, micronutrients, are involved in BNF metabolism, mainly as enzyme activators or prosthetic group. But other mechanisms in the rhizosphere and molecular region still need to be clarified.

Mechanistic insights into the plant biostimulant activity of a novel formulation based on rice husk nanobiosilica embedded in a seed coating alginate film

“…In the literature, there are reports of both increased and decreased accumulation of L-Pro following treatment with Si under salt or drought stress (Zhu et al, 2020;Basilio-Apolinar et al, 2021). Research on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Glycyrrhiza uralensis, P. vulgaris, and Capsicum annuum found that Si protected the plants against saline stress by inducing higher content of free L-Pro (Soares Pereira et al, 2013;Abbas et al, 2015;Rady et al, 2019;Cui et al, 2021), but the decreased level of L-Pro induced by Si was reported for wheat and soybean (Lee et al, 2010;Bybordi, 2015;Singh et al, 2022). In a recent study, the modulation of L-Pro by Si in cucumber seedlings was found to be time-dependent, i.e., L-Pro increased compared to control during the first days after NaCl + Si treatment, and started to decrease 6 days after the treatment (Zhu et al, 2020).…”