Advancement Towards the Full-Field Implementation of Marmul Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer in the Sultanate of Oman

Abstract

In 2015-2016, the Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) flood Pilot in Marmul was successfully completed with ∼30% incremental oil recovery and no significant operational issues. In parallel to the ASP pilot, several laboratory studies were executed to identify an alternative and cost-efficient ASP formulation with simpler logistics. The studies resulted in a new formulation based on mono-ethanolamine (MEA) as alkali and a blend of commercially available and cheaper surfactants. To expediate the phased full field development, Phase-1 project was started in 2019 with the following main objectives are confirm high oil recovery efficiency of the new ASP formulation and ensure the scalability and further commercial maturation of ASP technology; de-risk the injectivity of new formulation; and de-risk oil-water separation in the presence of produced ASP chemicals. The Phase 1 project was executed in the same well pattern as the Pilot, but at a different reservoir unit that is more heterogeneous and has a smaller pore volume (PV) than those of the Pilot. This set-up allowed comparing the performance of ASP formulations and taking advantage of the existing surface facilities, thus reducing the project cost. The project was successfully finished in December 2020, and the following major conclusions were made: (1) with the estimated incremental recovery of around 15-18% and one of the producers exhibiting water cut reversal of more than 30%, the new ASP formulation is efficient and will be used in the follow-up phased commercial ASP projects; (2) the injectivity was sustained throughout the entire operations within the target rate and below the fracture pressure; (3) produced oil quality met the export requirements and a significant amount of oil-water separation data was collected. With confirmed high oil recovery efficiency for the cheaper and more convenient ASP formulation, the success of ASP flooding in the Phase-1 project paves the way for the subsequent commercial-scale ASP projects in the Sultanate of Oman.

Alkali Polymer Flooding of a Romanian Field Containing Viscous Reactive Oil

“…Alkali and surfactant injection induces emulsion formation and channel blockage in waterflooded cores and micromodels (e.g., Bryan et al [ 20 ], Dong et al [ 21 ], Xie et al [ 22 ], and Xiao et al [ 23 ]). The implementation of alkali surfactant polymer (ASP) flooding in heavy oil fields has shown substantial incremental oil recovery, indicating successful translation of promising laboratory tests to field conditions (e.g., McInnis et al [ 24 ], Watson et al [ 25 ], and Al Marouqi et al [ 26 ]), although field cases suggest that operational conditions are more challenging for ASP projects than for polymer floods (Delamaide et al [ 27 ]).…”