Advancements in Electronic Materials and Devices for Stretchable Displays

Abstract

A stretchable display would be the ultimate form factor for the next generation of displays beyond the curved and foldable configurations that have enabled the commercialization of deformable electronic applications. However, because conventional active devices are very brittle and vulnerable to mechanical deformation, appropriate strategies must be developed from the material and structural points of view to achieve the desired mechanical stretchability without compromising electrical properties. In this regard, remarkable findings and achievements in stretchable active materials, geometrical designs, and integration enabling technologies for various types of stretchable electronic elements have been actively reported. This review covers the recent developments in advanced materials and feasible strategies for the realization of stretchable electronic devices for stretchable displays. In particular, representative strain‐engineering technologies for stretchable substrates, electrodes, and active devices are introduced. Various state‐of‐the‐art stretchable active devices such as thin‐film transistors and electroluminescent devices that consist of stretchable matrix displays are also presented. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges for stretchable active displays are discussed.

Low-dimensional nanostructures for monolithic 3D-integrated flexible and stretchable electronics

“…To date, many intensive studies have been devoted to low-dimensional nanostructures and materials, including semiconductors, conductors, and insulators, satisfying virtually all the demands of essential materials for information sensing, processing, and interactive devices. 36,43,59,60 By leveraging the advantages of low-dimensional nanostructures, this feature opens up possibilities for the development of flexible and stretchable M3D-integrated devices, expanding their potential applications in advanced computing, 36 wearable electronics, 61 stretchable displays, 57 and bioelectronics. 62…”

“…More specifically, the vertical stacking of these key components is beneficial for optimizing space utilization and enabling efficient signal routing while maintaining the mechanical flexibility or stretchability of the system. The systems composed of low-dimensional nanostructures can leverage the benefits of monolithic 3D integration and mechanical deformability and result in compact, lightweight, high-performance, and adaptable electronic devices, 35,55,56 thereby finding extensive applications in wearable healthcare monitoring, 6 electronic skin, 5 stretchable displays, 57 smart textiles, 8 and soft robotics. 16…”

Strain‐Driven Negative Resistance Switching of Conductive Fibers with Adjustable Sensitivity for Wearable Healthcare Monitoring Systems with Near‐Zero Standby Power

“…This mechanism is similar to the "rigid-islands" concept recently studied and utilized by researchers in stretchable electronics and displays to effectively alleviate strain stress. [6,39,40] The rigid islands are strategically placed, non-deformable regions in a stretchable device, designed to preserve the performance of electronic components, such as transistors, sensors, and other circuit elements. They protect these components from excessive strain that could potentially damage their delicate structures or compromise their electrical properties.…”

Substituent Effects of Fluorescein on Photoredox Initiating Performance under Visible Light

“…Compound (8) was synthesized following a procedure described in the literature. 42 Methanesulfonic acid (3.2 mL) was gradually added to a mixture of resorcinol (1.5 g, 13.3 mmol) and 4methylphthalic anhydride (1.0 g, 6.2 mmol) that had been ground and mixed at room temperature.…”

“…Especially, the substituent effects are pivotal in controlling the photophysical and electrochemical properties of organic molecules, comprising delocalized π-electron systems. , These π-conjugated organic molecules have been widely investigated and applied in many areas due to their unique optical and electrical characteristics, easily tunable structures, and predictable properties. , For example, they have been used as active components ( e.g. , transistors and diodes) in organic optoelectronics, such as photovoltaic solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and flexible field-effect transistors. − The performances of these devices are significantly affected by the energy level difference between the electron donor and electron acceptor. − Therefore, fine-tuning the energy levels of the components is essential. The energy levels of these organic molecules can be readily tuned by incorporating a suitable substituent at specific positions using synthetic methodologies. − …”