Advancements in ocular drug delivery

Abstract

This review covers both noninvasive and invasive ophthalmic drug delivery systems that can have application to therapy of veterinary ophthalmic diseases. Noninvasive approaches include gel technologies, permeation enhancement via pro-drug development, solubilization agents and nanoparticle technologies, iontophoresis, microneedles, drug-eluting contact lenses and eye misters, and microdroplets. More invasive systems include both eroding implants and noneroding technologies that encompass diffusion based systems, active pumps, intraocular lenses, suprachoroidal drug delivery, and episcleral reservoirs. In addition to addressing the physiologic challenges of achieving the necessary duration of delivery, tissue targeting and patient compliance, the commercial development factors of biocompatibility, sterilization, manufacturability and long-term stability will be discussed.

Tear-mediated delivery of nanoparticles through transcytosis of the lacrimal gland

“…In many cases, ocular diseases such as scleritis [6] and fungal [7], bacterial and viral keratitis [8] must be treated systemically through oral or intravenous drug delivery to get enough drug to the target area, resulting in significant drug exposure at non-target sites. To overcome these challenges, various strategies, including invasive and noninvasive approaches [9, 10], have been developed to increase ocular bioavailability, improve precorneal residence time, and prolong therapeutic efficacy after topical application. The noninvasive strategies frequently focus on in situ gelling systems and nanoparticle technologies.…”

Critical Assessment of Implantable Drug Delivery Devices in Glaucoma Management

“…As such, sterilization is required to destroy or eliminate unwanted living microorganism contamination prior to implantation. Sterilization can be carried out by a number of methods such as aseptic method/manufacture, gamma irradiation, heating, and gassing with ethylene oxide [73, 74]. It is known that sterilization methods could modify the polymer properties and impact drug loading and release profiles.…”

Effect of an intravitreal dexamethasone device on ocular inflammation after phacoemulsification in dogs

“…Anti-inflammatory eye drops are the most common postoperative medication used to control uveitis after phacoemulsification (WEINER & GILGER, 2010 is extremely important to achieve good results, once the frequency of administration of topical medications is high in the first days following the procedure (WEINER & GILGER, 2010). To solve this problem, researchers have attempted to develop a device that gradually releases anti-inflammatory drugs at therapeutic levels.…”