Advancements in the Use of Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine: Properties and Biomedical Applications

Kao

et al. 2023

Cells

Exosomes are effective therapeutic vehicles that may transport their substances across cells. They are shown to possess the capacity to affect cell proliferation, migration, anti-apoptosis, anti-scarring, and angiogenesis, via the action of transporting molecular components. Possessing immense potential in regenerative medicine, exosomes, especially stem cell-derived exosomes, have the advantages of low immunogenicity, minimal invasiveness, and broad clinical applicability. Exosome biodistribution and pharmacokinetics may be altered, in response to recent advancements in technology, for the purpose of treating particular illnesses. Yet, prior to clinical application, it is crucial to ascertain the ideal dose and any potential negative consequences of an exosome. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes and further illustrates the molecular mechanisms that underpin their potential in musculoskeletal regeneration, wound healing, female infertility, cardiac recovery, immunomodulation, neurological disease, and metabolic regulation. In addition, we provide a summary of the currently effective techniques for isolating exosomes, and describe the innovations in biomaterials that improve the efficacy of exosome-based treatments. Overall, this paper provides an updated overview of the biological factors found in stem cell-derived exosomes, as well as potential targets for future cell-free therapeutic applications.

Section: Strategies That Enhance the Therapeutic Effects Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontier Review of the Molecular Mechanisms and Current Approaches of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes

Kao

et al. 2023

Cells

“…Applications of various hydrogels will be considered in regenerative and cellular medicine [ 144 , 145 ]. Various cells have been encapsulated into hydrogels to construct desired tissues and organs.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryopreservation of Cell Sheets for Regenerative Therapy: Application of Vitrified Hydrogel Membranes

Miyamoto

2023

Gels

Organ transplantation is the first and most effective treatment for missing or damaged tissues or organs. However, there is a need to establish an alternative treatment method for organ transplantation due to the shortage of donors and viral infections. Rheinwald and Green et al. established epidermal cell culture technology and successfully transplanted human-cultured skin into severely diseased patients. Eventually, artificial cell sheets of cultured skin were created, targeting various tissues and organs, including epithelial sheets, chondrocyte sheets, and myoblast cell sheets. These sheets have been successfully used for clinical applications. Extracellular matrix hydrogels (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and laminin), thermoresponsive polymers, and vitrified hydrogel membranes have been used as scaffold materials to prepare cell sheets. Collagen is a major structural component of basement membranes and tissue scaffold proteins. Collagen hydrogel membranes (collagen vitrigel), created from collagen hydrogels through a vitrification process, are composed of high-density collagen fibers and are expected to be used as carriers for transplantation. In this review, the essential technologies for cell sheet implantation are described, including cell sheets, vitrified hydrogel membranes, and their cryopreservation applications in regenerative medicine.

MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications

“…On the other hand, multiple biomaterials can be integrated into chip devices, which play an important role in regulating the stiffness of the extracellular matrix and the composition of extracellular microstructures in physiological environments, thus contributing to the biological relevance of engineered tissue models 41–43 . Specifically, the employment of various natural polymeric hydrogel materials, such as silk, 44 collagen, 45 elastin, 46 hyaluronic acid (HA), fibronectin (FN), gelatine, 47 provides a designed 3D matrices for cell growth 48 .…”

Section: Overview Of Ooc Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in organ‐on‐a‐chip for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Liu,

Wang

2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently a serious and growing public health problem. In tackling this challenge, organ‐on‐chip (OoC) technology, combined with cell culture and microfluidics, presents a powerful approach for constructing sophisticated tissue models in vitro that can simulate the physiological and pathological microenvironments of human organs. Nowadays, OoC technology has emerged as a pivotal tool in advancing our understanding of CVD pathogenesis, facilitating tissue regeneration studies, conducting efficient drug screening, and assessing therapeutic effects. Moreover, it offers a diverse array of study platforms for preclinical research, fostering innovative approaches towards combating CVD and improving patient outcomes. In this review, we first present the key advantages of OoC technology, including its highly relevant physiological microenvironment, incorporation of integrated functions, and the possibility of the construction of multiorgan‐on‐a‐chip through microfluidic linkage. Then, we summarized the role of OoC in the construction of disease pathological models, which provides a new channel for the exploration of disease pathological mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the application of this technology in cardiac regeneration and drug screening. Finally, we discuss the challenges of tissue models constructed based on OoC technology and the prospects of this innovative approach.