Advances and challenges in hydraulic fracturing of tight reservoirs: A critical review

Wu, Zhongwei; Cui, Chuanzhi; Jia, Peifeng; Zhen, Wang; Sui, Yingfei

doi:10.1016/j.engeos.2021.08.002

Cited by 71 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…HF involves many processes, including rock failure, fracture generation, proppant transport and fracture closure. All these processes affect the performance of fractured wells (Wu et al 2021). It is done at an estimated depth of 3,000 meters and encompasses around 16,000 m 3 of water per well (Theodori et al 2013).…”

Section: Hfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of oil exploration on surface water quality – a review

Lusweti

Kanda

Obando

et al. 2022

Water Practice and Technology

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The oil industry is a source of revenue and foreign exchange for an economy. Nevertheless, oil exploration is an inherent risk to the environment due to the pollution of water resources, especially surface water resources. The main waste is produced water which is increasing around the world .As a consequence,water pollution resulting from normal oil drilling, refining, distribution, and accidents is the principal concern of oil exploration in the environment. Oil pollution is associated with ecological contaminants such as heavy metals and organic compounds which are the primary contaminant of surface water resources. Often this results in toxicity accretion in the food chain, and their non-biodegradable nature is of great concern to both human and aquatic life. Therefore, this review evaluates existing knowledge on the effect of oil exploration on surface water quality, hydraulic fracturing technique/chemicals, and composition of produced water. This review also recommends further research on the physicochemical characteristics, analysis of heavy metals in water/sediments, and characterization of hydro-chemical facies of surface water resources around oil exploration sites to enable effective policy development.

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Section: Hfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas HF involves rock failures, complex fracture generation, proppant transport and fracture closure. There is a lack of models for calculating complex fracture conductivity such as the effect of proppant placement and proppant distribution in fractures, fracture surface roughness and dissolution (Wu et al 2021).…”

Section: Hfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oil exploration on surface water quality – a review

Lusweti

Kanda

Obando

et al. 2022

Water Practice and Technology

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“…The use of natural gas is a major option for satisfying the global needs for energy and feedstocks. , In addition to its abundant reserves, natural gas releases lower amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in comparison with the rest of the fossil fuels. , Shale gas is a type of unconventional natural gas that can be an effective complement for renewable energies toward a sustainable energy transition. , Moreover, shale gas is abundant worldwide with a recoverable resource quantity equal to 7257 Tcf as well as relatively low exploitation costs . The main innovations that have achieved efficient large-scale exploitation of shale gas are horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), fracture proppant to maintain fluid conductivity in fractures during production and the development of hydraulic fracturing fluids that drive proppant particles into fractures (prevent microbial growth and minimize formation damage). − One of the primary disadvantages of hydraulic fracturing is that it requires enormous amounts of freshwater and produces highly polluted flowback water streams, which may lead to the contamination of surface water and groundwater. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Machine Learning-Mathematical Programming Approach for Optimizing Gas Production and Water Management in Shale Gas Fields

López-Flores

Lira-Barragán

Rubio-Castro

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This paper presents a novel mathematical programming approach that simultaneously incorporates a mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation with machine learning models to determine the operating conditions, gas production, and optimal water management for the completion phase in shale gas fields. The dataset for the development of an artificial neural network model has been collected from the Eagle Ford Texas formation. The total cumulative gas production and flowback water generated in shale gas wells are selected as output variables. The mathematical optimization model considers machine learning models for each well, mass balances, treatment, storage, reuse, and disposal options as well as well location selection and associated costs and revenues from the sale of the shale gas produced. A case study has been used to illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach. The compromise solution offers a water consumption per produced energy of 6.71 L/GJ in addition to the fact that 27% of the total fracture water required can be obtained by reusing the flowback water with attractive economic indicators.

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“…Some shale gas fields, including Jiaoshiba, Changning, Zhaotong, Weirong, and Luzhou, have been established. − The age-old over-mature shales in the Longmaxi Formation underwent multi-phase structural deformation; − thus, shale gas preservation conditions vary greatly from area to area. Owing to the dual effects of the Tethyan tectonic and Circum Pacific tectonic domains, the Sichuan Basin (especially the basin margin) experienced complicated structural evolution and severe structural deformation, giving rise to diverse structural styles, which led to various complicated preservation conditions. − There are many factors affecting shale gas preservation, and the most dominant factor is the occurrence of fractures (including faults and fractures). − The formation of fractures is governed by the mechanical properties and stress loads acting on rocks. In the absence of stress, rocks remain crack-free.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale Fractures and Their Influence on Shale Gas Deliverability in the Longmaxi Formation of the Changning Block, Southern Sichuan Basin, China

Zhao

Zheng²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The capacity and deliverability of shale gas are closely linked to the presence of multi-scale fractures, including fractures and faults, within organic-rich shales. This study aims to investigate the fracture system of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Changning Block of the southern Sichuan Basin and quantify the influence of multi-scale fractures on shale gas capacity and deliverability. The fracture system was analyzed through outcrop, core observations, and 3D seismic interpretation. Criteria for fault classification were established based on the horizon, throw, azimuth (phase), extension, and dip angle. The Longmaxi Formation shale mainly comprises shear fractures that form under multi-phase tectonic stress, characterized by large dip angles, small extensions, small apertures, and high density. The high content of organic matter and brittle minerals in the Long 1-1 Member facilitates the occurrence of natural fractures, which somewhat enhance shale gas capacity. Reverse faults with a dip angle of 45−70°e xist vertically, while laterally, there are early-stage nearly E-W faults, middle-stage NE faults, and late-stage NW faults. Based on the established criteria, faults that cut upward through the strata in and above the Permian with a throw greater than 200 m and a dip angle greater than 60°have the greatest influence on shale gas preservation and deliverability. These results provide important guidance for shale gas exploration and development in the Changning Block and contribute to our understanding of the relationship between multi-scale fractures and shale gas capacity and deliverability.

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Advances and challenges in hydraulic fracturing of tight reservoirs: A critical review

Cited by 71 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of oil exploration on surface water quality – a review

Effects of oil exploration on surface water quality – a review

Hybrid Machine Learning-Mathematical Programming Approach for Optimizing Gas Production and Water Management in Shale Gas Fields

Multi-scale Fractures and Their Influence on Shale Gas Deliverability in the Longmaxi Formation of the Changning Block, Southern Sichuan Basin, China

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