Advances and status of anode catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis technology

Abstract

Coupling renewable electricity with proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) technology to generate decarbonized “green hydrogen” is a key route for the international “carbon neutrality” target. Large-scale application of PEMWE...

Chevrel phases: synthesis, structure, and electrocatalytic applications

“…[82][83][84][85] It is thus appealing to rationally design noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for OER. 82,86 Besides the superiority for HER, CPs also show the potential as cost-efficient OER electrocatalysts, which enables the bi-functionality for overall water splitting to simplify the working facility and lower the cost in practical use. Fan et al proposed a straightforward and effective route to fabricate 3D nanostructured catalysts, which consisted of multiple metals (Fig.…”

Critical challenges and opportunities for the commercialization of alkaline electrolysis: high current density, stability, and safety

“…11 In comparison, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis allows for current densities over 1-2 A cm À2 , making it a more desirable option. 12,13 The limited current density of alkaline electrolysis is mainly attributed to increased ohmic loss, heat generation according to Joule's law, and overall system inefficiency. 14 Therefore, One of the foremost challenges of alkaline water electrolysis is the realization of high current density (HCD) over 1 A cm À2 in alkaline.…”

Designing active and stable Ir-based catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction

“…7 Among the materials, Ir-based catalysts have been demonstrated to be good candidates for the application in water electrolysis due to their relatively high activity and stability under high voltage (>1.6 V) and harsh acidic (pH < 1) working conditions in PEMWEs. [11][12][13] However, high loading (>0.5 mg Ir cm −1 ) of costly Ir (∼US$60 670 per kg) is required for practical devices. 14 Moreover, the activity of current commercial Ir catalysts also needs to be further improved to achieve high energy conversion efficiency at large current density (e.g., 2025 US Department of Energy (DOE) target, <1.9 V@3 A cm −2 ).…”