Advances in acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic diagnosis with historically high mortality rates. The standard of care treatment remained unchanged for decades; however, recent discoveries of molecular drivers of leukemogenesis and disease progression have led to novel therapies for AML. Ongoing research and clinical trials are actively seeking to personalize therapy by identifying molecular targets, discovering patient specific and disease specific risk factors, and identifying effective combinations of modalities and drugs. This review focuses on important updates in diagnostic and disease classifications that reflect new understanding of the biology of AML, its mutational heterogeneity, some important genetic and environmental risk factors, and new treatment options including cytotoxic chemotherapy, novel targeted agents, and cellular therapies.

Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Risk-Scoring Model Based on Ferroptosis-Associated Cluster in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

“…Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm arising within bone marrow, characterized by aberrant accumulation of myeloid precursors (Lim et al, 2017). As a deadliest form of acute leukemia, patients with AML have a dismal 5-year survival rate of 28.3%, and most cases still relapse frequently after remission, leading to a poor prognosis (Lewis et al, 2021;Newell and Cook, 2021). Recently, it is demonstrated that the molecular genetic abnormalities are significantly associated with prognosis in AML, which can serve as a comprehensive risk-stratification system and an effective therapy option (Bernard et al, 2020;Dohner et al, 2020).…”

Small Molecule Induced FLT3 Degradation

“…AML is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of immature myeloid cells [ 3 ]. The five-year survival for AML patients is approximately 30%, indicating poor outcomes for the AML patients [ 4 ].…”

“…Recently several targeted therapies for better efficacy and less toxicity were developed. Venetoclax, with a mechanism B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibition, ivosidenib and enasidenib inhibiting isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, glasdegib that inhibits the hedgehog pathway, and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors are new agents for the treatment of a subset of AML [ 3 ].…”

Decoding the Mechanism of Shen Qi Sha Bai Decoction in Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

“…Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignant disease that is characterized by the disruption of myeloid differentiation and an abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursor cells (Newell and Cook, 2021). The incidence of AML accounts for 10-20% of leukemia in children and the 5-years survival rate for AML is only about 30% in adults (Döhner et al, 2021).…”