Advances in Antibody Preparation Techniques for Immunoassays of Total Aflatoxin in Food

Abstract

Aflatoxin (AF) contamination is a major concern in the food and feed industry because of its prevalence and toxicity. Improved aflatoxin detection methods are still needed. Immunoassays are an important method for total aflatoxin (TAF) analysis in food due to its technical advantages such as high specificity, sensitivity, and simplicity, but require high-quality antibodies. Here, we first review the three ways to prepare high-quality antibodies for TAF immunoassay, second, compare the advantages and disadvantages of antigen synthesis methods for B-group and G-group aflatoxins, and third, describe the status of novel genetic engineering antibodies. This review can provide new methods and ideas for the development of TAF immunoassays.

Production and Characterization of Biotinylated Anti-fenitrothion Nanobodies and Development of Sensitive Fluoroimmunoassay

“…Nevertheless, some shortcomings such as complicated cell screening, a long productive period, single function, and high cost have limited their application. In contrast, engineered antibodies expressed by microorganism cells, thereby, can be produced on a large scale with a low cost in a short period. , The heavy-chain antibody (VHH) or nanobody is the recombinant variable domain derived from Camelidae, , which is the smallest class of antibody fragments possessing complete antibody function. Unlike other engineered antibodies, such as singe-chain variable fragments (scFv) and fragment antigen binding (Fab), VHHs exhibit high affinity and solubility, owing to the avoidance of the complex interaction of heavy chains and light chains in prokaryotic expression systems, and the structure is closer to its natural configuration. ,, Moreover, attributed to the special construction, some VHHs were reported to have good stability under extreme conditions like high concentration of organic solvent and high temperature. , These unique characteristics made VHHs attractive, and they have a high potential to be an alternative reagent for the next generation of immunoassays.…”

Current Developments of Analytical Methodologies for Aflatoxins’ Determination in Food during the Last Decade (2013–2022), with a Particular Focus on Nuts and Nut Products

“…Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-ELISA Immunoassays have become very popular for everyday screening analysis of AFs thanks to their simplicity and straightforward application [171]. The principle behind enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) relies on antibodies to detect a target antigen using antibody-antigen interactions.…”

Untitled

“…Animals experience acute and chronic poisoning. Researchers (Wang et al, 2020) developed a method for detecting the toxin in feed. A limitation of the study is that the detection method was developed only in relation to aflatoxin.…”