Advances in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries based on Conversion Mechanism: Challenges, Strategies, and Prospects

Abstract

Recently, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with conversion mechanisms have received wide attention in energy storage systems on account of excellent specific capacity, high power density, and energy density. Unfortunately, some characteristics of cathode material, zinc anode, and electrolyte still limit the development of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries possessing conversion mechanism. Consequently, this paper provides a detailed summary of the development for numerous aqueous zinc‐based batteries: zinc‐sulfur (Zn‐S) batteries, zinc‐selenium (Zn‐Se) batteries, zinc‐tellurium (Zn‐Te) batteries, zinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries, and zinc‐bromine (Zn‐Br2) batteries. Meanwhile, the reaction conversion mechanism of zinc‐based batteries with conversion mechanism and the research progress in the investigation of composite cathode, zinc anode materials, and selection of electrolytes are systematically introduced. Finally, this review comprehensively describes the prospects and outlook of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries with conversion mechanism, aiming to promote the rapid development of aqueous zinc‐based batteries.

Cobalt-doped manganese(iii) oxide cathode materials with enhanced electrochemical performance for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

“…Recently, with the rapid development of renewable energy and the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, the demand for high-performance, enhanced safety, and cost-effective battery technologies has continued to escalate. 1,2 Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have found widespread application in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and long-term cycling capabilities. 3,4 Nevertheless, the constraints posed by limited lithium resources, elevated costs, and the growing apprehensions regarding safety and environmental impacts linked with LIBs have become progressively apparent.…”

NiMn2O4 Nanosheet/Carbon Nanotube Composites for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries

“…Anode materials, being the essential parts of the battery, have a major role in determining both the battery’s operating principle and its primary performance metrics, including energy density and voltage platform. The specific capacity and cycle life of the cathode materials are the primary factors limiting the performance of aqueous ZIBs because the anode electrode of aqueous ZIBs typically selects high-purity zinc flakes due to the high theoretical capacity of zinc metal and its exceptional safety and stability. − The primary challenge in enhancing the electrochemical performance of ZIBs is the development of cathode materials with high theoretical capacity and stability, as the electrochemical performance of ZIBs is primarily limited by characteristics such as specific capacity and cycle life. − …”

Graphene-Coated Zn3V4(PO4)6/ZnMn2(PO4)2 Heterostructured Cathode Materials for Zinc-Ion Batteries

“…Currently, metallic zinc serves as the anode electrode to provide high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g –1 ) for ZIBs, , and vanadium- and manganese-based cathode electrodes provide storage space. − Transition metal oxides (such as V 2 O 5 and MnO 2 ) possess high Zn 2+ storage capacity and fast ion channels, so they have become a research hotspot in ZIBs. − In addition, vanadates and manganates can also be used as cathode materials and exhibit excellent structural stability. − However, practical applications of ZIBs are still limited. First, using an excess of zinc as an anode reduces the energy density of the battery .…”