Advances in atomic force microscopy

Giessibl, Franz J.

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.75.949

Cited by 1,948 publications

(1,533 citation statements)

References 180 publications

(325 reference statements)

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“…The TNT films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) [49][50][51], which revealed that the nanotubes well covered the whole surface of the silicon wafer, the OWLS chip and the glass plate homogeneously (Fig. 1) The arithmetic average roughness (R a ) and root mean squared roughness (RMS) [13,52] of the surface were calculated from the AFM data, and were approximately 3.9 nm and 5.3 nm, respectively.…”

Section: Surface Morphology and Optical Characterization Of The Titanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced protein adsorption and cellular adhesion using transparent titanate nanotube thin films made by a simple and inexpensive room temperature process: Application to optical biochips

Nádor

Orgován

Fried

et al. 2014

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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Please cite this article in press as: J. Nador, et al., Enhanced protein adsorption and cellular adhesion using transparent titanate nanotube thin films made by a simple and inexpensive room temperature process: Application to optical biochips, Colloids Surf. a b s t r a c tA new type of titanate nanotube (TNT) coating is investigated for exploitation in biosensor applications. The TNT layers were prepared from stable but additive-free sols without applying any binding compounds. The simple, fast spin-coating process was carried out at room temperature, and resulted in well-formed films around 10 nm thick. The films are highly transparent as expected from their nanostructure and may, therefore, be useful as coatings for surface-sensitive optical biosensors to enhance the specific surface area. In addition, these novel coatings could be applied to medical implant surfaces to control cellular adhesion. Their morphology and structure was characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and their chemical state by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). For quantitative surface adhesion studies, the films were prepared on optical waveguides. The coated waveguides were shown to still guide light; thus, their sensing capability remains. Protein adsorption and cell adhesion studies on the titanate nanotube films and on smooth control surfaces revealed that the nanostructured titanate enhanced the adsorption of albumin; furthermore, the coatings considerably enhanced the adhesion of living mammalian cells (human embryonic kidney and preosteoblast).

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Section: Surface Morphology and Optical Characterization Of The Titanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced protein adsorption and cellular adhesion using transparent titanate nanotube thin films made by a simple and inexpensive room temperature process: Application to optical biochips

Nádor

Orgován

Fried

et al. 2014

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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“…Atomic force microscopy's 7 (AFM) ability of visualizing the topography and the property of surfaces and interfaces at a molecular level 8 has enabled a rapid development in the understanding of surface phenomena. Its versatility allows the exploration of hard and soft materials in vacuum 9-12 , in air 13 , but also in complex liquids 14,15 , often allowing imaging at sub-nanometre and sometimes atomic resolution 16 . In dynamic mode 17 (vibrating cantilever), AFM has proven sensitive to the interfacial compliance of viscous liquids and provided quantitative information about the structure of liquid layers between the AFM tip and the solid surface 18 , with, in some cases, atomic resolution 15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases we obtained atomic-or molecularlevel resolution images with structures corresponding to the expected crystallographic arrangements. Traditionally, AFM resolution does not match that of Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) because the STM feedback signal decays exponentially with tip-sample distance 16 while it typically decays with a power law on larger distances for AFM 13 . Hence in STM only the very apex of the tip is effectively involved in the imaging 16 , while in AFM a larger portion of the tip contributes to the imaging, making tip sharpness a critical factor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct mapping of the solid–liquid adhesion energy with subnanometre resolution

et al. 2010

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Atomic force microscopy's 7 (AFM) ability of visualizing the topography and the property of surfaces and interfaces at a molecular level 8 has enabled a rapid development in the understanding of surface phenomena. Its versatility allows the exploration of hard and soft materials in vacuum 9-12 , in air 13 , but also in complex liquids 14,15 , often allowing imaging at sub-nanometre and sometimes atomic resolution 16 . In dynamic mode 17 (vibrating cantilever), AFM has proven sensitive to the interfacial compliance of viscous liquids and provided quantitative information about the structure of liquid layers between the AFM tip and the solid surface 18 , with, in some cases, atomic resolution 15 . However, specialized instruments were used and the nature of the tip-sample interaction remains an issue of debate. Dynamic AFM has the ability to probe the solid-liquid interface [18][19][20][21] , but an interpretation of experimental results remains difficult 22,23 . Traditionally, interfaces are characterized by an interfacial energy, IE, the sum of the two surface energies in vacuum minus the work of adhesion (W SL ) necessary to separate the surfaces (Dupré Equation 24 ). The latter is de facto the energy spent to restructure the interface due to the atomistic interaction between the two materials (Fig. 1c). In practice at a solid-liquid interface this is the energy that generates density variations and structuring of the liquid close to the interface. Hereafter we will call this layer of liquid which differs from the bulk

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“…9 This instability can be avoided by oscillating the cantilever. 2 Attractive tip−surface forces slightly reduce the cantilever resonant frequency; the closer the tip approaches, the stronger the attractive force and thus the larger the frequency drop.…”

Section: Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy: An Emerging Tool for Fundamental Catalysis Research

Altman¹,

Baykara

Schwarz³

2015

Acc. Chem. Res.

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CONSPECTUS:Although atomic force microscopy (AFM) was rapidly adopted as a routine surface imaging apparatus after its introduction in 1986, it has not been widely used in catalysis research. The reason is that common AFM operating modes do not provide the atomic resolution required to follow catalytic processes; rather the more complex noncontact (NC) mode is needed. Thus, scanning tunneling microscopy has been the principal tool for atomic scale catalysis research. In this Account, recent developments in NC-AFM will be presented that offer significant advantages for gaining a complete atomic level view of catalysis. The main advantage of NC-AFM is that the image contrast is due to the very short-range chemical forces that are of interest in catalysis. This motivated our development of 3D-AFM, a method that yields quantitative atomic resolution images of the potential energy surfaces that govern how molecules approach, stick, diffuse, and rebound from surfaces. A variation of 3D-AFM allows the determination of forces required to push atoms and molecules on surfaces, from which diffusion barriers and variations in adsorption strength may be obtained. Pushing molecules towards each other provides access to intermolecular interaction between reaction partners. Following reaction, NC-AFM with CO-terminated tips yields textbook images of intramolecular structure that can be used to identify reaction intermediates and products. Because NC-AFM and STM contrast mechanisms are distinct, combining the two methods can produce unique insight. It is demonstrated for surface-oxidized Cu(100) that simultaneous 3D-AFM/STM yields resolution of both the Cu and O atoms. Moreover, atomic defects in the Cu sublattice lead to variations in the reactivity of the neighboring O atoms. It is shown that NC-AFM also allows a straightforward imaging of work function variations which has been used to identify defect charge states on catalytic surfaces and to map charge transfer within an individual molecule. These advances highlight the potential for NC-AFM-based methods to become the cornerstone upon which a quantitative atomic scale view of each step of a catalytic process may be gained. Realizing this potential will rely on two breakthroughs: (1) development of robust methods for tip functionalization and (2) simplification of NC-AFM instrumentation and control schemes. Quartz force sensors may offer paths forward in both cases. They allow any material with an atomic asperity to be used as a tip, opening the door to a wide range of surface functionalization chemistry. In addition, they do not suffer from the instabilities that motivated the initial adoption of complex control strategies that are still used today.

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Advances in atomic force microscopy

Cited by 1,948 publications

References 180 publications

Enhanced protein adsorption and cellular adhesion using transparent titanate nanotube thin films made by a simple and inexpensive room temperature process: Application to optical biochips

Enhanced protein adsorption and cellular adhesion using transparent titanate nanotube thin films made by a simple and inexpensive room temperature process: Application to optical biochips

Direct mapping of the solid–liquid adhesion energy with subnanometre resolution

Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy: An Emerging Tool for Fundamental Catalysis Research

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