Advances in Automotive Hydraulic Hybrid Drives

Stecki, Jacek; Matheson, Paul

doi:10.5739/isfp.2005.664

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There are several researches on the modeling of the hydraulic hybrid powertrain (Stecki and Matheson, 2005) in the literature. Here, the model for the designed PHH powertrain is generated in MATLAB/Simulink software as presented in Figure 10.…”

Section: Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matlab-based modeling, simulation and design package for Eletric, Hydraulic and Flywheel hybrid powertrains of a city bus

Esfahanian

Safaei

Nehzati

et al. 2014

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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In this paper a package for designing, modelling and simulation of three hybrid powertrains are presented. These powertrains are Electric hybrid, Hydraulic hybrid and Flywheel hybrid. The differences among the proposed hybrid powertrains include the energy storage system components, the secondary power converter and also the powertrain configuration. The O457 city bus is considered as the benchmark vehicle. At first, the design process for each hybrid powertrain which is based on the power requirements of the bus in any driving condition is presented. Then, the powertrains modelling using MATLAB/Simulink as a powerful simulating tool is presented. The models are feed-forward and resemble the real world driving conditions. Each model has the blocks for the main components of the corresponding propulsion system. The most important stage in the modeling process is implementing of the components efficiency in each powertrain. Moreover, there is a block in each hybrid powertrain model for the energy management. Finally, the simulation results for comparing the usefulness of the hybrid powertrains are presented. The results indicate that the electric hybrid powertrain has the most effect on reducing the bus fuel consumption. But regarding the fabrication expenses and manufacturing complexity, the hydraulic hybrid powertrain is recommended. KEY WORDS : Series electric hybrid city bus, Parallel flywheel hybrid city bus, Parallel hydraulic hybrid city bus, Powertrain design and modeling NOMENCLATURE P EM : electric motor power (W) P E /G : engine/generator power (W) P Batt : battery pack power (W) P demand : driver's demand power (W) δ : mass factor M v : vehicle mass (kg) t a : accelerating time (s) V : vehicle speed (m/s) V b : vehicle speed corresponding to electric motor's base speed (m/s) V f : final acceleration speed (m/s) g : gravitational acceleration (m/s 2 ) f r : rolling resistance coefficient ρ α : air density (kg/m 3 ) C D : aerodynamic drag coefficient A f : vehicle frontal area (m 2 ) i : grade percentage (%) T : total cycle time (s) η t : efficiency of the mechanical transmission η EM : efficiency of the electric motor V Batt : battery pack voltage (V) I Batt : battery pack amperage (A) t PEM : pure electric mode duration (hr) I : battery output current (A) Q Batt : energy capacity of the battery pack (Ah) η v : volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic P/M η : total efficiency of the hydraulic pump/motor η mh : hydro-mechanical efficiency of the hydraulic P/M qv : hydraulic flow of hydraulic P/M (m3/s) n : rotational speed of hydraulic P/M (rpm) δ p: pressure difference between input and output port of the hydraulic P/M T pump : torque of hydraulic P/M in pumping mode (Nm) T motor : torque of hydraulic P/M in motoring mode (Nm) v g : displacement of hydraulic P/M (cm3/rev) G SP : gear ratio of simple gear p : hydraulic pressure (bars) v : gas Volume in accumulator (m3) R_int : battery internal resistance I_bat : battery current P_bat : battery power *

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Section: Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Powertrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matlab-based modeling, simulation and design package for Eletric, Hydraulic and Flywheel hybrid powertrains of a city bus

Esfahanian

Safaei

Nehzati

et al. 2014

Int.J Automot. Technol.

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“…Existing hydraulic hybrid transmissions have shown fuel savings of 30-50% [1] with higher savings predicted when using advanced architectures [2]. However while these results are promising there exists room for improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One approach that has shown considerable potential is vehicle hybridization through a hydraulic hybrid transmission. Existing hydraulic hybrid transmissions have shown fuel savings of 30-50% [1] with higher savings predicted when using advanced architectures [2]. Further research has shown that the benefits gained from hydraulic hybridization increase as vehicle mass grows due to the increased availability of braking energy [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Energetic Analysis of a Novel Hydraulic Hybrid Architecture for On-Road Vehicles

Sprengel

Ivantysynova

2013

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Hydraulic hybrid transmissions in on-road vehicles have been proven to significantly reduce fuel consumption. Existing hydraulic hybrid transmissions have shown fuel savings of 30-50% [1] with higher savings predicted when using advanced architectures [2]. However while these results are promising there exists room for improvement. Consider the series hybrid architecture which is currently the most common full hydraulic hybrid configuration. This system requires over-center units which increase expense and are relatively uncommon especially for high performance bent axis units. Series hybrids may also possess a synthetic feel due to the high compliance inherent in their accumulators. Further efficiency suffers as the hydraulic units in series hybrids are often forced to operate at high pressures and low displacements. A novel hydraulic hybrid configuration is analyzed in this paper which may reduce costs, improve response, and increase efficiency under certain conditions. An automatic transmission, a series hydraulic hybrid, and the novel blended hybrid architecture were simulated for a class II truck and fuel consumption rates compared. Dynamic programming was used to optimally control all three transmissions thereby removing the effect of controller design of fuel consumption. Simulation results show a 44.8% increase in fuel efficiency for the series hybrid and a 37.0% increase with the proposed system architecture. While the proposed architectures currently lags the series hybrid in fuel economy, there exists sufficient benefits to merit further studies.

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“…Matheson and Stecki [31] provide an updated view focusing on automotive applications. Since then, there has been a minor breakthrough into the market for refuse trucks and shuttle buses, see for instance [32,33,34].…”

Section: Hydraulic Hybrid Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Design of Complex Hydromechanical Transmissions

Uebel¹

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This thesis explores the conceptual design process of complex hydromechanical transmissions for mobile working machines. Efficient methods for design optimisation and controller development are presented to support the final concept selection.In the endeavour to develop new fuel-efficient driveline solutions for construction machines and off-road equipment new complex hydromechanical transmission concepts are being investigated. This pursuit is driven by stricter emission legislation, high fuel prices and a desire for a greener image both for customers and manufacturers. The trend towards more complex transmission architectures increases the need for more sophisticated product development methods. Complex multiple-mode transmissions are difficult to design and prototype and can be realised in a great number of architectures. By introducing a secondary energy storage in the machine the design space expands further for both hardware and software. There is accordingly a need for more reliable concept assessment in early design stages and the possibility to support concurrent engineering throughout the development process.Previous research on the design and development of hydromechanical transmissions has been limited to analysis of fixed concept designs or design optimisation using very simple performance indicators. Existing methodologies for electrified on-road vehicles are not suitable for off-road working machines with hydromechanical transmissions and hydraulic energy storage.The proposed conceptual design process uses detailed quasi-static simulation models and targets to optimise the fuel efficiency of the specific machine specifications and operations. It is also shown how high-speed dynamic simulations can be used for controller development and hardware-in-the-loop simulations to support an efficient product design process. The methods are demonstrated for typical use cases targeting new transmission development for construction machines. Software control development is also treated using control optimisation and real-time simulation. Finally a novel hybrid hydromechanical motion system is presented for which an efficient design process is crucial to its end performance. i ii Populärvetenskaplig SammanfattningI denna avhandling presenteras nya metoder för utveckling av energieffektiva transmissioner för tunga arbetsfordon och entreprenadmaskiner. Genom att kombinera numerisk optimering av hårdvara och mjukvara tillsammans med detaljerade simuleringar av maskinens bränsleförbrukning kan designprocessen göras mer effektiv.Idag finns det en trend mot utveckling av nya energieffektiva hydraulmekaniska transmissioner och hybridisering av mobila arbetsfordon som exempelvis hjullastare, skogsmaskiner och jordbrukstraktorer. Motiven är bland annat höga bränslekostnader, hårdare lagstiftning på utsläpp och företagens önskan om en grönare profil. En hydraulmekanisk transmission kombinerar hydraulisk och mekanisk effektöverföring och har kontinuerligt varierbar utväxling som möjliggör en effektivare framdrivn...

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Advances in Automotive Hydraulic Hybrid Drives

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Matlab-based modeling, simulation and design package for Eletric, Hydraulic and Flywheel hybrid powertrains of a city bus

Matlab-based modeling, simulation and design package for Eletric, Hydraulic and Flywheel hybrid powertrains of a city bus

Investigation and Energetic Analysis of a Novel Hydraulic Hybrid Architecture for On-Road Vehicles

Conceptual Design of Complex Hydromechanical Transmissions

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