Advances in biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles

Abstract

Green approaches for the synthesis of nanoparticles provide advantages due to the fact that green protocols are benign and environmentally friendly. Among various green recipes, biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles have recently emerged as an active area of research due to simplicity of this method, with cost effective protocols, higher potential of reduction and low toxic effect on human health and the environment. Moreover, the biogenic reduction occurs at physiological conditions of temperature and pressure. The raw materials are easily available and therefore, the reaction can easily be scaled up. This paper presents a review to give an idea about the most reliable, cost-effective and environment friendly synthetic protocols for metal nanoparticles to control size, shape and dispersity.In this contribution, we have emphasized especially on various plants responsible for, and investigated so far, for the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles. Based on the isolated compounds/metabolites such as polyols, polyphenols, flavonoids and proteins from the respective plant extracts, a correlation is established where such metabolites are linked with the biogenic syntheses of Pd nanoparticles. Present investigation and works reviewed lead us to recommend few potential plants for the reduction of Pd 2+ ions into Pd 0 nanoparticles. This review not only summarizes the present literature but also highlights the potential of this field to open up new avenues for researchers.

Biogenic synthesis of palladium nanoparticles and their applications as catalyst and antimicrobial agent

“…Amongst those methods, the tapping of bio-resources, particularly the plant extracts for the synthesis of the NPs seems promising owing to their ready availability, rapid process, better cost-effectiveness, and the ability to use in large-scale biosynthesis [ 18 ]. Hence, plant mediated syntheses of PdNPs, has gained many recent attentions[ 19 , 20 ]. Examples include use of peel-extract of banana [ 21 ], leaf-extracts of Pulicaria glutinosa [ 16 ], Perilla frutescens [ 17 ], Euphorbia granulate [ 22 ], Ocimum Sanctum [ 23 ], Origanum vulgare [ 24 ], etc .…”

Green and Non‐Conventional Materials for Membrane Synthesis: A Review

“…Palladium NPs enter the food chain and bioaccumulate and bio transform in living beings. They've been reported to have cytotoxic and pro‐inflammatory effects on animals, plants and microorganisms [13–16] …”

Green Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles for Sustainable and Environmentally Benign Processes

“…Natural reducing agents from leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, back and roots plant extract have been widely used for the green synthesis of Pd nanoparticles [32]. The phytochemical components contained in the extracts such as polyphenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyols, glycosides, vitamins, amino acids and carboxylic, act as alternative reducing and capping agents.…”

“…Biopolymers such as polysaccharides (cellulose, chitosane, pectine, agarose, starch), lignin, gum, protein and DNA are promising materials as green supports for PdNPs because they are non-toxic, biodegradable, incur a low cost and are abundant in nature and also possess excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability, easing chemical modifications and having a high chelating capacity with metal ions [32,105,106].…”