“…North temperate disjunctions among East Asia, southern Europe/West Asia, eastern North America, and western North America refugia are certainly the best known and most frequently studied of all the major intercontinental disjunctions [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Among the northern temperate disjunctions, many analyses have been conducted between (1) East Asia and eastern North America [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], (2) East Asia and western North America [ 13 , 14 ], (3) eastern North America and western North America [ 15 ], (4) southern Europe and western North America [ 3 , 16 ], and (5) of the trans-Atlantic disjunction [ 17 , 18 ]. There is a group of genera (e.g., Acer , Aesculus , Forsythia , Liquidambar , Picea , Parrotia , Pterocarya , and Zelkova ) sharing the East Asian versus southern European/West Asian disjunct pattern, including those in North America [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”