Advances in biological therapies for dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis

Valanti, Eftaxia-Konstantina; Dalakoura-Karagkouni, Katerina; Siasos, Gerasimos; Kardassis, Dimitris; Eliopoulos, Aristides G.; Sanoudou, Despina

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154461

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Extracellular dyslipidemia includes abnormal lipid deposition and abnormal secretion of adipokines (Fu et al, 2019). Dyslipidemia can lead to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis (AS), and other diseases (Vekic et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020;Valanti et al, 2021). Moreover, lipid peroxidation is a common oxidation reaction of polyunsaturated FA in living organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity in Mice

Tang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the imbalance of lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity leads to damage to liver. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic compound, on hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in mice. In our study, 24 C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (1) control (CON); (2) basal diet+0.1% EA (EA1); and (3) basal diet+0.3% EA (EA2). After the 14-day experiment, the liver was sampled for analysis. The results showed that 0.3% EA administration increased the liver weight. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol activities decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol activity increased by EA supplementation. Meanwhile, dietary supplementation with EA dose-dependently decreased the acetyl-CoA carboxylase protein abundance and increased the phospho-hormone-sensitive lipase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha protein abundances. Moreover, EA supplementation reduced the malonaldehyde concentration and increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase concentrations. The protein abundances of phospho-nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 increased by EA supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, EA supplementation promoted the lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity to maintain the liver health in mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity in Mice

Tang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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“…Atherosclerosis is a systemic vascular disease, which is the pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke ( Ibanez et al, 2021 ; Shea et al, 2021 ). With the gradual increase in prevalence, atherosclerosis-related diseases have brought a heavy burden to patients and society, and become a major risk of death ( Valanti et al, 2021 ). Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by lipid deposition in the arterial intima, focal fibrosis, inflammation, and intimal plaque formation ( Nakagawa et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LKB1 Regulates Vascular Macrophage Functions in Atherosclerosis

et al. 2021

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Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is known to shape the regulation of macrophage function by participating in multiple processes including cell metabolism, growth, and polarization. However, whether LKB1 also affects the functional plasticity of macrophages in atherosclerosis has not attracted much attention. Abnormal macrophage function is a pathophysiological hallmark of atherosclerosis, characterized by the formation of foam cells and the maintenance of vascular inflammation. Mounting evidence supports that LKB1 plays a vital role in the regulation of macrophage function in atherosclerosis, including affecting lipid metabolism reprogramming, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in macrophages. Thus, decreased expression of LKB1 in atherosclerosis aggravates vascular injury by inducing excessive lipid deposition in macrophages and the formation of foam cells. To systematically understand the role and potential mechanism of LKB1 in regulating macrophage functions in atherosclerosis, this review summarizes the relevant data in this regard, hoping to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

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“…Atherosclerosis has been considered to be caused by increases in cholesterol. The complexity of atherosclerosis and the involvement of various risk factors call for further research, but it is well-known that increases in cholesterol mark the beginning of atherosclerosis [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Increase in the concentration of LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) above the physiological need leads to the accumulation of LDL in the intima of the arteries and the development of atherosclerosis [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Lee

2021

IJMS

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing due to the aging of societies. Atherosclerosis, a type of chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in arteries, is considered to be the main cause of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease or stroke. In addition, the inflammatory response caused by atherosclerosis confers a significant effect on chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatic arthritis. Here, we review the mechanism of action of the main causes of atherosclerosis such as plasma LDL level and inflammation; furthermore, we review the recent findings on the preclinical and clinical effects of antibodies that reduce the LDL level and those that neutralize the cytokines involved in inflammation. The apolipoprotein B autoantibody and anti-PCSK9 antibody reduced the level of LDL and plaques in animal studies, but failed to significantly reduce carotid inflammation plaques in clinical trials. The monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 (alirocumab, evolocumab), which are used as a treatment for hyperlipidemia, lowered cholesterol levels and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Antibodies that neutralize inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-12/23) have shown promising but contradictory results and thus warrant further research.

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Advances in biological therapies for dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis

Cited by 50 publications

References 139 publications

The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity in Mice

The Effect of Ellagic Acid on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant Activity in Mice

LKB1 Regulates Vascular Macrophage Functions in Atherosclerosis

Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

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