Advances in Breeding of Chrysanthemum: A Review

Kumari, Sangeeta; Dhiman, S.R.; Gupta, Y. C.

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.193

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It was first cultivated in China approximately 1,600 years ago, then successively introduced to Japan, Europe, and North America ( Chen, 1985 , 2012 ; Shih et al, 2011 ). Modern chrysanthemum cultivars are mainly allohexaploids (2 n = 6 x = 54; Kumari et al, 2019 ). They have diverse floral morphologies, lignified stems, and can thrive in a wide range of habitats (e.g., urban, rural and farmland).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complex genetic and phenotypic variation of C. morifolium is thought to be the result of multiple cycles of hybridization, polyploidization, and artificial selection ( Shih et al, 2011 ; Chen, 2012 ). Interspecific hybridization among modern chrysanthemums and their wild relatives, are still widely used for cultivar improvement ( Kumari et al, 2019 ). The selection of parent species is a critical step for hybrid breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of parent species is a critical step for hybrid breeding. Currently, phenotypic traits are frequently used to guide the choice of germplasm to develop new chrysanthemum cultivars with novel appearances and improved stress tolerance ( Kumari et al, 2019 ). However, hybrid progeny can exhibit extreme or “transgressive” traits relative to their progenitors ( Rieseberg et al, 1999 ; Schwarzbach et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Maternal Donor of Chrysanthemum Cultivars Revealed by Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome

Liao

Ostevik

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) is an important floricultural crop and medicinal herb. Modern chrysanthemum cultivars have complex genetic backgrounds because of multiple cycles of hybridization, polyploidization, and prolonged cultivation. Understanding the genetic background and hybrid origin of modern chrysanthemum cultivars can provide pivotal information for chrysanthemum genetic improvement and breeding. By now, the origin of cultivated chrysanthemums remains unclear. In this study, 36 common chrysanthemum cultivars from across the world and multiple wild relatives were studied to identify the maternal donor of modern chrysanthemum. Chloroplast (cp) genomes of chrysanthemum cultivars were assembled and compared with those of the wild relatives. The structure of cp genomes was highly conserved among cultivars and wild relatives. Phylogenetic analyses based on the assembled cp genomes showed that all chrysanthemum cultivars grouped together and shared 64 substitutions that were distinct from those of their wild relatives. These results indicated that a diverged lineage of the genus Chrysanthemum, which was most likely an extinct or un-sampled species/population, provided a maternal source for modern cultivars. These findings provide important insights into the origin of chrysanthemum cultivars, and a source of valuable genetic markers for chrysanthemum breeding programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Maternal Donor of Chrysanthemum Cultivars Revealed by Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome

Liao

Ostevik

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…Chrysanthemum, is a self-incompatible cross-pollinated plant and has severe heterozygosity, complex genetic background, difficulty matching parents, selecting superior hybrid progenies causing complexity to the inheritance of genetic factors, coupled with frequent polyploidy (Ronald and Ascher, 1975;Zhao et al, 2006;Zhu et al, 2014;Yang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Kumari et al, 2019). Because of these obstacles compared to cross breeding, mutation breeding has advantages inducing variability in vegetatively propagated crops.…”

Section: Introduction Introduction Introduction Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes on mutant pot chrysanthemums (Dendranthema × grandiflora Tzelev.)

HASPOLAT¹

2022

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema x grandiflora Tzvelev) is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world that has the richest mutant varieties with numerous colors. The objective of this study is to determine the effective mutagen dose (EMD50) for creating variations by gamma irradiation. It is aimed to get a mutagenesis protocol that could develop new mutants in pot chrysanthemums. To determine the EMD50, rooted cuttings of brownish-red color ‘Brandevil’ variety were irradiated by gamma radiation at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Gray (Gy) doses. According to the shoot lengths, EMD50 was calculated as 27 Gy. The mutation frequency was calculated as 4.8%. Some changes were observed for flower numbers per plant, plant heights and widths, shapes and colors of both flowers and leaves. The color changes varied from brownish-red to yellow and orange. Two different colors appeared in the same pot at some genotypes as well as form changes of flowers. The similarity of the mutants was determined by the hierarchical cluster dendrogram involving five groups. Various colors were obtained for leaves and flowers. Remarkable mutations of the selected mutants were multiplied by tissue culture.

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“…These records show that 400 mutants were distributed among vegetatively produced plants. The majority of them are floricultural plants, with a few fruit trees (Kumari et al, 2019;Melsen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of mutagenesis on Chrysanthemums

Haspolat¹

2022

Ornam. Hortic.

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Crop genetic diversity has a significant role in improving new plants through breeding. The chrysanthemum contains the most mutant varieties, making mutation breeding one of the most widely utilized breeding procedures for ornamental plants. The goal of this research is to use gamma irradiation to induce genetic variation and mutation breeding to improve chrysanthemum features. In vitro bud explants of the white ‘Bacardi’ type were treated with gamma rays at 20 Gy on this scope. The explants were subcultured until M1V4 growing period occurred, and observations were made during blooming on this time. Variable flower head widths, distinction on plant heights and widths, numerous flower numbers, color and size variations of ray florets were among the mutagenic changes observed in plants and flowers. Ray florets varied in length, width, number of rows, and color. The mutation frequency of the population was estimated 1.1% and yellow-colored florets were developed whereas the control group remained white. The dendrogram was grouped into five groups with 1, 28, 31, and 41 mutants in each based on the plant height and width, plant stem height and width, number of shoots and flowers per plant, flower head width, ray florets’ number- height- color, number of leaves, leaf length and width, and weight of flowering stems. The yellow-colored mutants were located in the first, second, and fourth groups. The advantageous mutations could result in improving new varieties. Gamma radiation is an effective mutagen for creating new chrysanthemum types when applied to in vitro bud explants.

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Advances in Breeding of Chrysanthemum: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

The Maternal Donor of Chrysanthemum Cultivars Revealed by Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome

The Maternal Donor of Chrysanthemum Cultivars Revealed by Comparative Analysis of the Chloroplast Genome

Changes on mutant pot chrysanthemums (Dendranthema × grandiflora Tzelev.)

Induction of mutagenesis on Chrysanthemums

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