Advances in cement solidification technology for waste radioactive ion exchange resins: A review

Li, Junfeng; Wang, Jianlong

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.053

Cited by 126 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For example, an optimum recipe used in China in the 1990s (Pan et al 2001) to solidify spent resins was BFS 24 wt%, fly ash 24 wt%, OPC 8 wt%, 24 wt% of spent resin, and 20 wt% water. These limitations are necessary to prevent swelling and cracking of the product after or during short-term curing (see Li and Wang 2006).…”

Section: Review Of Cement Solidification Of Spent Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The zeolite helps in sequestering radionuclides (e.g., 137 Cs and 60 Co) that desorb from the spent resins during the cement hydration reactions that generate high-ionic-strength pore waters. The spent ion-exchange resins do not interact with the crystalline and amorphous gel minerals that form upon cement hydration; rather, they are simply physically encapsulated within the cement or grout solids as shown in Figure 3.1 (taken from Li and Wang 2006). The diffusion of constituents from a cement or grout that solely physically encapsulates waste can be reduced by decreasing the pore sizes, pore throat sizes, and pore connectivity (i.e., increased tortuosity) in the cement matrix.…”

Section: Review Of Cement Solidification Of Spent Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Pierce¹,

Mattigod²,

Westsik³

et al. 2010

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Executive SummaryPacific Northwest National Laboratory has initiated a waste-form testing program to support the longterm durability evaluation of a waste form for secondary wastes generated from the treatment and immobilization of Hanford radioactive tank wastes. The purpose of the work discussed in this report is to identify candidate stabilization technologies and getters that have the potential to successfully treat the secondary waste stream liquid effluent, mainly from off-gas scrubbers and spent solids, produced by the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Down-selection to the most promising stabilization processes/waste forms is needed to support the design of a solidification treatment unit (STU) to be added to the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF). To support key decision processes, an initial screening of the secondary liquid waste forms must be completed by February 2010. Later, more comprehensive and longer term performance testing will be conducted, following the guidance provided by the secondary waste-form selection, development, and performance evaluation roadmap. The resulting waste form will be compliant to regulations and performance criteria and will lead to cost-effective disposal of the secondary wastes.This report starts with a brief review of some of the most commonly used solidification formulations that would be candidates for secondary liquid waste streams. In this review, the available data on performance are discussed, and some preliminary recommendations are provided for materials that should undergo additional screening testing. We also 1) discuss options for disposal of WTP secondary solid waste streams, 2) provide a brief overview of standard regulatory test methods used for measuring contaminant leachability and waste-form physical strength (with emphasis on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's [EPA's] new methods as a screening tool for comparing waste solidification materials of interest), and 3) provide an overview of factors that must be considered in long-term performance testing, including state-of-the-art characterization tools that can provide the data needed to technically defend predictive modeling simulations of long-term material behavior. The long-term wasteform testing and solid and leachate characterization must be robust enough to effectively predict material performance in the Integrated Disposal Facility over the 10,000-year period of performance for the engineered system. The solidification technologies for liquid waste streams include cement/grout, containerized Cast Stone, phosphate-bonded ceramics, alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymers, hydroceramics, L-TEM, and fluidized-bed steam reforming (FBSR). In addition to these, other mature technologies and two compounds, namely goethite and sodalite (that are still being developed), that show considerable promise as waste forms or getters are also discussed. It is our recommendation, based upon the available literature, that Cast Stone, chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (Ceramicrete...

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Section: Review Of Cement Solidification Of Spent Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Cement Solidification Of Spent Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Pierce¹,

Mattigod²,

Westsik³

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, an optimum recipe used in China in the 1990s (Pan et al 2001) to solidify spent resins was blast furnace slag (BFS) 24 wt%, fly ash 24 wt%, OPC 8 wt%, 24 wt% of spent resin, and 20 wt% water. These limitations are necessary to prevent swelling and cracking of the product after or during short-term curing (Li and Wang 2006).…”

Section: Review Of Cement Solidification Of Spent Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The zeolite helps in sequestering radionuclides (e.g., 137 Cs and 60 Co) that desorb from the spent resins during the cement hydration reactions that generate high-ionic-strength pore waters. The spent ion-exchange resins do not interact with the crystalline and amorphous gel minerals that form upon cement hydration; rather, they are simply physically encapsulated within the cement or grout solids (Li and Wang 2006). The diffusion of constituents from a cement or grout that solely physically encapsulates waste can be reduced by decreasing the pore sizes, pore throat sizes, and pore connectivity (i.e., increased tortuosity) in the cement matrix.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tc-99 Ion Exchange Resin Testing

Valenta¹,

Parker²,

Pierce³

2010

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“…placed under a solid, stable, monolithic and confining form before their final disposal in a repository. Calcium silicate cements offer many advantages for resins encapsulation: easy supply, simple process, good mechanical strength, compatibility with aqueous wastes, good self-shielding, and high alkalinity which allows precipitating and thus confining many radionuclides [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, several specificities of IERs must be taken into account to design a robust formula for the final product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of blastfurnace slag addition to Portland cement for cationic exchange resins encapsulation

Lafond

Coumes

Gauffinet

et al. 2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. In the nuclear industry, cement-based materials are extensively used to encapsulate spent ion exchange resins (IERs) before their final disposal in a repository. It is well known that the cement has to be carefully selected to prevent any deleterious expansion of the solidified waste form, but the reasons for this possible expansion are not clearly established. This work aims at filling the gap. The swelling pressure of IERs is first investigated as a function of ions exchange and ionic strength. It is shown that pressures of a few tenths of MPa can be produced by decreases in the ionic strength of the bulk solution, or by ion exchanges (2Na + instead of Ca 2+ , Na + instead of K + ). Then, the chemical evolution of cationic resins initially in the Na + form is characterized in CEM I (Portland cement) and CEM III (Portland cement + blastfurnace slag) cements at early age and an explanation is proposed for the better stability of CEM III material.

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Advances in cement solidification technology for waste radioactive ion exchange resins: A review

Cited by 126 publications

References 42 publications

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Tc-99 Ion Exchange Resin Testing

Effect of blastfurnace slag addition to Portland cement for cationic exchange resins encapsulation

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