Advances in chemical and biological protective clothing

Truong, Quoc; Wilusz, Eugene

doi:10.1533/9780857097620.2.364

Cited by 18 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…CPC refers to apparel and other fabric-related materials that are intended to protect the wearer from potentially hazardous and toxic chemicals as well as to lower the risk of injury or illness. CPC is considered the last line of defence in any chemical-handling operation [16] and the utmost requirement for a CPC is as a barrier to harmful liquid penetration to minimise or eliminate human contact with chemical hazards. The routes of chemical entry into the human body are oral, respiratory and dermal (skin), and the dermal route constitutes nearly 90% of chemical exposure [17].…”

Section: Cpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the prolonged use of impermeable CPC in warm/hot climates significantly aggravates the danger of body heat stress due to inhibition of sweat evaporation and dry heat loss [38]. Nevertheless, improved toxicological agent protective (ITAP) ensembles and the self-contained toxic environment protective outfit (STEPO) systems developed by the U.S. Army employed impermeable clothing for soldiers as well as civilians during emergency operations involving chemical spills, toxic chemical handling and cleanups in severely contaminated environments, having higher risk concentrations for short-term use [16]. A microclimate cooling system is an integral part of these protective clothing systems to compensate for their inability to permit moisture permeation evaporative cooling.…”

Section: Materials For Designing Cpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The embedded microclimate cooling system enables reduction of heat stress of impermeable clothing by allowing vapour permeation through the fabric; however, these systems are expensive and increase bulkiness of the suit after donning [14].

Figure 2.Schematic representation of water vapour resistance of impermeable protective clothing [16]. …”

Section: Materials For Designing Cpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and applications of chemical protective clothing system

Bhuiyan

Wang

Shaid

et al. 2018

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Protection is obligatory for the safety of people in certain occupations where they might be exposed to hazardous chemicals. This review provides an overview of chemical protective clothing, along with its necessity during industrial and military operations as well as in response to acts of terror. Moreover, chemical protective or barrier suits are illustrated and explained including their types, selection processes based on chemical hazards, working environments, and various materials available for the fabrication of effective barrier clothing. Additionally, this review elucidates current research gaps, while underscoring the challenges facing recently developed chemical protective clothing, by compiling relevant research onto a single platform. Besides, this review includes and delineates future trends in chemical protective outfits based on electro-spun nano-fibre technology involved in both detection and decomposition of poisonous chemical agents that come in contact with clothing material, and the integration of selectively permeable membrane technology to discriminately block hazardous chemicals.

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Section: Cpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials For Designing Cpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Figure 2.Schematic representation of water vapour resistance of impermeable protective clothing [16]. …”

Section: Materials For Designing Cpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances and applications of chemical protective clothing system

Bhuiyan

Wang

Shaid

et al. 2018

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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“…Tugara et al [124] reported that the elimination of one or more of the ensemble components will reduce and improve weight, logistic concerns, and cost reduction while increasing comfort. More researchers are considering alternative materials such as membranes in the form of films, electro-spun nanofibers, super-hydrophobic materials, fabrics and others [125,124]. When evaluating the membranes relative to protective clothing, the main properties to be considered for some applications, for instance, the military would include the following: high strength, antiballistic performance, fire-retardant characteristics, vapor absorption and liquid barrier characteristics [124].…”

Section: Personal Protective Garments Against Industrial Toxic Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the list of different types of PPG materials does not end here; there are many more technologies that are also focusing on improving the protection of the PPGs. Some of these technologies include super-repellency functions and electronic fabrics with sensors, for example to monitor physiological parameters [125,127]. It all depends on what functions one chooses to focus on, ultimately for each requirement, there will be a suitable technology.…”

Section: Personal Protective Garments Against Industrial Toxic Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Characterization of Multilayered Functional Protective Polymers via Surface Modification with Organic Polymers against Highly Toxic Chemicals

Ndibewu¹,

Ngobeni²,

Lefakane³

et al. 2016

Recent Advances in Biopolymers

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Recent advances in biopolymers, including functional biomaterials for the manufacture of personal protective garments (PPGs) or equipment (PPE) have dramatically improved their efficiency and performance. Good and acceptable permeation characteristics, mechanical strength and durability are common attributes of these materials simultaneously without compromise for their cost-effectiveness and manufacturability. The comprehensive characterization of these materials and specimens' three-dimensionality with the endeavor to obtain the highest resistance to highly toxic agents such as nuclear, chemical and biological warfare agents is the must fulfilling aim in today's global interest in continuous development in this area. Because energy absorption component seems to be important in considering quality the requirements related to the application of most protective materials (e.g. clothing), spectroscopy would seem to be the cornerstone to be considered for most analytical purposes to supplement the qualitative and quantitative assessment of polymeric materials. The major techniques worth mentioning include: scanning electron microscopy coupled to Xray dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scattering-type near-field optical microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry, nano-FTIR absorption spectroscopy, near-field optical microscopy, and infrared vibrational nano-spectrosocopy. This chapter will discuss the importance of a particularly important natural polymer (cellulose) containing acetyl groups to form modifiable biopolymers (e.g. cellulose acetate polymers), doped to yield multi-layered functional protective materials (MFPMs) or composites (MFPCs). The ultimate aim seeks to provide critical insights into understanding the enhancement of their permeation characteristics against exposure to toxic industrial chemicals, including chlorine which is currently being used as a chemical warfare agent of choice in the Syrian conflict. MFPMs or MFPCs are a group of materials made from a combination of fiber or polymers together with varying amounts of additives possessing tailored physical and mechanical properties. Many of these materials should not only be durable but also must provide cost-competi

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Competitive Wetting: A New Approach to Prevent Liquid Penetration through Porous Materials with Superior Synergistic Effect

Ding

Kearney

Wang

et al. 2021

Small

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Protective clothing is designed to isolate people from hazardous toxic chemicals and chemical warfare agents Impermeable and semipermeable materials provide superior barriers against penetration of chemical agents in the forms of liquid, vapor, and aerosol, but are apt to cause severe heat stress consequences for the users. Permeable protective clothing is highly preferred because of its high breathability characteristic. [1] It generally has a multilayer fabric structure consisting of an outer liquid-repellent layer with superhydrophobicity and/ or superoleophobicity properties, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] a middle absorptive layer functioning to adsorb toxic chemical vapor, aerosols, and a small amount of liquid, [11][12][13] and an inner layer that helps absorb perspiration and improves wearer comfort. [14] The current permeable protective clothing, however, usually meet difficulties in repelling toxic industrial chemical (TIC) and chemical warfare agent (CWA) liquids of low surface tension, failing protection. [15] Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the liquid repellency of protective clothing. [16] The conventional approach is to increase the superoleophobicity of the surface layer using coating materials comprised of fluorine-containing chemicals and nanomaterials. [17,18] Despite the significant progress in preventing liquids penetration by surface coating, [18][19][20][21][22][23] some have claimed that the coating is, in fact, super-repellent to ultralow surface tension liquids, [4,7,18] however, no surface was able to Blocking liquid penetration in porous materials is a key function for several applications including chemical protective clothing (CPC), wound healing, and hygiene products. Enormous efforts are made to prevent liquid penetration through porous media by the modification of materials. CPC is used as an example to demonstrate the effect of the synergistic effect on liquid penetration. A common strategy to achieve liquid protection is the use of liquidrepellent surfaces with the aid of a liquid absorption liner layer. However, this strategy demonstrates limited success for low surface energy liquids. Herein, a novel approach is reported to prevent the permeation of liquid across porous materials by a synergistic effect. Both fabrics are individually susceptible to be wetted by low surface tension liquids. However, when they are assembled, they can prevent low surface tension liquids from penetrating because of the wettability gap between the two fabrics. The fabric assembly demonstrates an increase in the liquid prevention capacity by 70-1000 times compared with a commercial CPC material. This novel synergistic effect may offer a breakthrough in the development of various applications including protective clothing baby nappies, hygiene products, food preparation, soil water retention, and sporting/camping/ski equipment and clothing.

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Advances in chemical and biological protective clothing

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Advances and applications of chemical protective clothing system

Advances and applications of chemical protective clothing system

Spectroscopic Characterization of Multilayered Functional Protective Polymers via Surface Modification with Organic Polymers against Highly Toxic Chemicals

Competitive Wetting: A New Approach to Prevent Liquid Penetration through Porous Materials with Superior Synergistic Effect

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