Advances in detection of stress tolerance in plants through metabolomics approaches

Abstract

Heat and drought stresses are presently the principal risk on world's food quantity, limiting yield. Both of these two stresses affect plants metabolism, physiological and morphological processes, which ultimately reduces the productivity. The plant cell develops different stress induced self-defence mechanisms to reduce the effect of stresses. These defence mechanisms are developed by modifying gene expression pattern, which results in qualitative and quantitative deviations in proteins synthesis, leading to the modulation of certain metabolic and defensive pathways. New metabolic profiling technologies offer a great opportunity for biologist to understand defence mechanism of plants under stress conditions. Metabolomics technologies presently enabled the using of different multi-variate analyses, generated from various hyphenated and chromatographic discovery systems, such as gas or liquid chromatography together with mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based methods. Investigation and mining of metabolomics data can be done through a blend of different statistical methods, such as independent component analysis and analysis of variance. Metabolomics in combination with gene expression, protein interaction and other different regulatory pathways can be useful to diverse organisms with trivial alterations. In recent time, this technology has been used to investigate drought tolerance in plant crops to find particular stress related patterns in metabolic expression. These studies identified the vital roles of primary and secondary metabolites associated with abiotic stress tolerance.

Physiological, biochemical and genetic responses of Caucasian tea (Camellia sinensis(L.) Kuntze) genotypes under cold and frost stress

“…AdoMet is also a key element in the regulation of the synthesis of the aspartate-derived amino acids and activates threonine synthase that links with JA signaling through Thr and Ile pathways ( Zeh et al, 2001 ; Ravane et al, 2004 ). Gly and Ser were shown to participate in joint metabolic pathway with Thr and play important role in plants responses to abiotic stresses ( Khan et al, 2017 ). Ser is an important intermediate in various metabolic pathways in plant metabolism, the one-carbon metabolism and the synthesis of amino acids, such as Gly, Met, Cys, and Trp participating in shikimate way ( Tzin & Galili, 2010 ).…”

UPLC‐HRMS‐based untargeted metabolic profiling reveals changes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) metabolome following long‐term drought stress

“…Plant metabolites play essential roles in growth, cell integrity, energy storage, cell signalling, membrane formation and scaffolding, cellular replenishment, and whole‐plant resource allocation, as well as roles in plant development and stress responses (Wen et al, ). Plants can modify their physiology to adapt to different conditions through metabolic changes (Khan, Ali, Shahid, & Kharabian‐Masouleh, ; Kim, Choi, & Verpoorte, ). Plants have various metabolic adaptation mechanisms to defend against the negative effects of stress, which can play a crucial role in the adaptive mechanisms in plants.…”

Metabolic and physiological changes induced by plant growth regulators and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their impact on drought tolerance in Cicer arietinum L.

“…A metabolome is a complete set of metabolites produced by an organism in its lifetime. The metabolites play key roles in the biochemical processes of organisms [35]. Metabolomics is one of the fastest growing technologies to understand biochemical changes associated with stress tolerance in plants.…”