Advances in Detector Instrumentation for PET

González-Montoro, Andrea; Ullah, Muhammad Nasir; Levin, Craig S.

doi:10.2967/jnumed.121.262509

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Therefore, we believe that another investigation to correctly evaluate the usefulness of our proposed model for assessing vPET quanti cation of myocardial motion is necessary. Moreover, our concept of a deep-learning based approach for SPECT-to-PET image translation potentially becomes more effective due to the improvement of spatial resolution of PET on boarding with multi-crystal and silicon photo-multipliers (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual myocardial PET generated from deep learning of SPECT and PET datasets: potential for attenuation correction in CT-less SPECT

Kawakubo

Nagao

Kaimoto

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective Deep-learning approaches have attracted attention for improving the scoring accuracy in computed tomography-less single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). This study evaluated the improvement in visual ischemia scoring accuracy to investigate the performance of virtual positron emission tomography (vPET) generated by a deep-learning model. Methods This retrospective study included the patient-to-patient stress, resting SPECT, and PET datasets of 54 patients. The vPET generation model was trained and validated using 34 cases with over 1200 image pairs using an image-to-image translation network. The SPECT, PET, and vPET images from another 20 cases were blindly scored in the stress and resting states. Results The SPECT rest scores at septal and inferior walls (segments #2 and #15) were significantly higher than those of PET. However, no significant differences were observed between the vPET and PET scores. Diagnostic performance of SPECT for detecting PET defect areas were improved with the use of vPET visual scores. Conclusions vPET, a new approach for improving ischemic visual score at rest in the well-known attenuated region on SPECT, can be applied as a clinical support tool that provides powerful auxiliary information for myocardial blood flow diagnosis since standalone SPECT is used worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual myocardial PET generated from deep learning of SPECT and PET datasets: potential for attenuation correction in CT-less SPECT

Kawakubo

Nagao

Kaimoto

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Currently, there are different types of scintillation crystals (organic and inorganic in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms) [26]. In PET scanners, we commonly find solid inorganic crystals because of their high stopping power (defined as the energy lost per unit length) and high light response [27,28].…”

Section: Scintillation Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in combined Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Galve,

Rodriguez-Vila,

Herraiz

et al. 2024

J. Inst.

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Hybrid imaging modalities combine two or more medical imaging techniques offering exciting new possibilities to image the structure, function and biochemistry of the human body in far greater detail than has previously been possible to improve patient diagnosis. In this context, simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance (PET/MR) imaging offers great complementary information, but it also poses challenges from the point of view of hardware and software compatibility. The PET signal may interfere with the MR magnetic field and vice-versa, posing several challenges and constrains in the PET instrumentation for PET/MR systems. Additionally, anatomical maps are needed to properly apply attenuation and scatter corrections to the resulting reconstructed PET images, as well motion estimates to minimize the effects of movement throughout the acquisition. In this review, we summarize the instrumentation implemented in modern PET scanners to overcome these limitations, describing the historical development of hybrid PET/MR scanners. We pay special attention to the methods used in PET to achieve attenuation, scatter and motion correction when it is combined with MR, and how both imaging modalities may be combined in PET image reconstruction algorithms.

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“…This artefact typically surfaces when a source is positioned laterally, a certain radial distance away from the FOV's centre; in such scenarios, detectors slant concerning the line-of-response (LOR), causing the annihilation photons to traverse obliquely. These photons might infiltrate detectors and engage at varying depths in neighbouring crystals, inducing a shift in reconstruction vis-à-vis their genuine initial location, culminating in a decline in spatial resolution [76,78]. Strategies for gauging this interaction depth (DOI) have been proposed to augment spatial resolution and diminish parallax anomalies (to be further elaborated upon in this write-up).…”

Section: Spatial Resolution Of Pet Systems (Sr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve this performance, several aspects of the detection process are considered, such as scintillator material selection (light output, rise, and decay times), reflective material applied to the crystal, crystal shape, choice of the photodetector (timing jitter and conversion efficiency), crystal-photodetector coupling configuration, and electronic readout chain (precision of timing measurement) [78,79]. Current research efforts are mainly focused on improving temporal resolution, with the limit of achievable temporal resolution in PET continuing to progress steadily, reaching well below 100 ps in optimised configurations [14].…”

Section: Coincidence Resolution Time (Crt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection instrumentation and geometric design of clinical PET scanner: towards better performance and broader clinical applications

El Ouaridi,

Ait Elcadi,

Mkimel

et al. 2024

Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful medical imaging modality used in nuclear medicine to diagnose and monitor various clinical diseases in patients. It is more sensitive and produces a highly quantitative mapping of the three-dimensional biodistribution of positron-emitting radiotracers inside the human body. The underlying technology is constantly evolving, and recent advances in detection instrumentation and PET scanner design have significantly improved the medical diagnosis capabilities of this imaging modality, making it more efficient and opening the way to broader, innovative, and promising clinical applications. Some significant achievements related to detection instrumentation include introducing new scintillators and photodetectors as well as developing innovative detector designs and coupling configurations. Other advances in scanner design include moving towards a cylindrical geometry, 3D acquisition mode, and the trend towards a wider axial field of view and a shorter diameter. Further research on PET camera instrumentation and design will be required to advance this technology by improving its performance and extending its clinical applications while optimising radiation dose, image acquisition time, and manufacturing cost. This article comprehensively reviews the various parameters of instrumentation and PET system design. Firstly, an overview of the historical innovation of the PET system has been presented, focusing on instrumental technology. Secondly, we have characterised the main performance parameters of current clinical PET and detailed recent instrumental innovations and trends that affect these performances and clinical practice. Finally, prospects for this medical imaging modality are presented and discussed. This overview of the PET system's instrumental parameters enables us to draw solid conclusions on achieving the best possible performance for the different needs of different clinical applications.

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Advances in Detector Instrumentation for PET

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Virtual myocardial PET generated from deep learning of SPECT and PET datasets: potential for attenuation correction in CT-less SPECT

Virtual myocardial PET generated from deep learning of SPECT and PET datasets: potential for attenuation correction in CT-less SPECT

Recent advances in combined Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The detection instrumentation and geometric design of clinical PET scanner: towards better performance and broader clinical applications

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