Advances in DNA Markers and Breeding for Warm‐ and Cool‐Season Turfgrasses

Harris‐Shultz, Karen; Jespersen, David

doi:10.1002/9781119521358.ch4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Turfgrasses are broadly classified into two major categories: warm‐ and cool‐season grasses. Warm‐season grasses utilize the four‐carbon enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in photosynthesis and grow best at temperatures between 27 and 35°C, whereas cool‐season grasses utilize the three‐carbon enzyme Rubisco in photosynthesis and grow best at 15–24°C (Harris‐Shultz & Jespersen, 2018). Turfgrasses are primarily used for the development of low‐cost surfaces for outdoor sports fields, golf courses, and lawns; soil erosion control; dust stabilization; improving the quality of groundwater; soil improvement; carbon sequestration; and to enhance the beauty of surrounding areas (Beard & Green, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

et al. 2023

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Ploidy manipulation has been used in many crop improvement programs to develop plant species with wider adaptability and desirable traits. The objectives of this study were to create stable tetraploid centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides [Munro] Hack.) lines and evaluate them for beneficial traits. To generate polyploid lines, “TifBlair” (2n = 2x = 18) seeds were exposed to gamma radiation and callus was generated using tissue culture, exposed to glyphosate and regenerated into plantlets. After 5 years of continuous propagation, two lines, Hongliang Wang (HW)16 and HW123, were found to be tetraploid, and one line, HW61, was found to be a mixoploid using flow cytometry and chromosome counts. Nuclear DNA contents for diploid and tetraploid lines ranged from 1.97 to 2.10 and 4.14 to 4.30 pg 2C−1, respectively. Ten centipedegrass lines were genotyped using seven simple sequence repeat markers and clustered by origin (derived from TifBlair or the University of Georgia breeding program). Six lines were evaluated for morphological and physiological traits under greenhouse conditions. Trait evaluation showed that tetraploid lines had larger stomata and leaf width and reduced stomatal density. For all other traits evaluated under greenhouse conditions, although significant differences were observed between lines, no consistent differences separated diploid and tetraploid lines. Between the tetraploid lines, HW16 had higher evapotranspiration, percentage green cover, and relative water content than HW123, whereas HW123 had a higher average clipping yield and root width than HW16. In conclusion, irradiation and tissue culture are valuable techniques for the generation of stable polyploid lines, and an increased ploidy level led to larger vegetative structures in centipedegrass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

et al. 2023

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“…Some cultivars are natural and induced mutations of existing ones, which makes their identification difficult (Caetano‐Anollés, 1998; Caetano‐Anollés et al., 1997; Harris‐Shultz et al., 2011). Different types of genetic markers have been implemented in evaluating genetic diversity of Cynodon , with DNA‐based markers being the most widespread (Harris‐Shultz & Jespersen, 2018). Genetic diversity of C. dactylon in China was extensively investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF), simple sequence repeats (SSR), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers (Huang, Liu, Bai, & Wang, 2014; Li, Liu, Lou, Hu, & Fu, 2011; Ling et al., 2012, 2015; Wang, Liao, Yuan, Guo, & Liu, 2011; Wang et al., 2013; Wu et al., 2006; Xie et al., 2015; Zheng, Xu, Liu, Zhao, & Liu, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and species‐specific DNA markers ofCynodon

Pudzianowska

Baird

2021

Crop Science

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Cynodon Rich. is one of the major turfgrass and forage genera in warmer climates of the United States and other world regions. New cultivars of Cynodon spp. are often developed by hybridization of a limited number of accessions of two species—C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy and C. dactylon (L.) Pers.—or by selection from existing cultivars. This may lead to an erosion of diversity. Several other species of this genus also exhibit desirable traits, and they could be used in the development of new cultivars to increase the range of genetic variation. In this study, the genetic diversity of seven Cynodon species was assessed using Diversity Array Technology sequencing (DArTseq). This technology is capable of identifying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with no prior DNA sequence information. The 85 analyzed accessions showed considerable genetic variation and formed several distinct groups based on the degree of relatedness. However, none of these groups were comprised of only accessions of the same species, suggesting that DNA marker groupings are not well in agreement with botanical classification for this genus. The identification of species‐specific SNP markers provides an additional tool for species reclassification and may clear up pedigrees of some established cultivars.

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“…Compared with major crops, genomic and marker information amount for turf species is relatively low. Initially, various types of markers, including protein‐based isozyme markers were used, but currently DNA‐based markers are widely used in turf species (Baird et al., 2012; Harris‐Shultz & Jespersen, 2018). Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) have been used as early DNA‐based molecular markers in the warm‐season grasses—seashore paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum Swartz), bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Engelm]. (Guo, Wu, Anderson, Moss, & Zhu, 2015; Harris‐Shultz & Jespersen, 2018; Mulkey, Zuleta, Keebler, Schaff, & Milla‐Lewis, 2014; Tan et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2010). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to create high‐density genetic maps of St. Augustine grass (Yu, Kimball, & Milla‐Lewis, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kikuyugrass germplasm collections in the United States and Australia show low levels of genetic diversity as revealed by DArTseq genotyping

et al. 2020

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Kikuyugrass [Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone (= Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.)] is a warm‐season grass native to Africa. It was introduced into the United States as forage in Hawaii and for erosion control in California. Kikuyugrass is considered invasive and currently is on the USDA's noxious weed list. Since complete eradication is difficult, it has become the primary species on several golf courses, athletic fields, and lawns. Kikuyugrass possesses exceptional quality with considerable cultural inputs, and little or no winter dormancy compared with other warm‐season turfgrasses. With breeding efforts directed specifically at reducing aggressiveness and improving texture, thus reducing inputs, it could become a valuable turf‐type species in coastal and inland California. The genetic diversity of kikuyugrass was investigated using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and silicoDArT (presence or absence) markers revealed by the Diversity Arrays Technology sequencing (DArTseq) platform. Accessions were sampled throughout California, Hawaii, and Australia, both from natural stands and various collections. Among the 254 accessions tested, two distinct groups were discovered, and there was no geographic pattern to this differentiation. The overall level of SNP polymorphism was low (polymorphic information content [PIC] average = .33, PIC median = .38). Most (76%) of the observed genetic variation was within populations, whereas 24% was among populations. Average genetic distances within populations ranged from 0.09 to 0.16, whereas distances among populations ranged from 0.13 to 0.36. Accessions from Hawaii and Australia were the most diverse; however, a detectable level of genetic diversity of kikuyugrass also exists in California, mostly because of the past introductions from Australia.

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Advances in DNA Markers and Breeding for Warm‐ and Cool‐Season Turfgrasses

Cited by 5 publications

References 210 publications

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

Creation and characteristics of tetraploid and mixoploid centipedegrass

Genetic diversity and species‐specific DNA markers ofCynodon

Kikuyugrass germplasm collections in the United States and Australia show low levels of genetic diversity as revealed by DArTseq genotyping

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